Include workflows in write-all when feature flag is enabled

The write-all permission level should include workflows:write when the
AllowWorkflowsPermission feature flag is enabled, matching the behavior
of other gated permissions like copilot-requests. Previously workflows
was unconditionally excluded from write-all. This aligns with the ADR
decision that write-all means permissive access.

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Get latest runner version
       id: latest_runner
-      uses: actions/github-script@v8
+      uses: actions/github-script@v9
       with:
         github-token: ${{secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN}}
         script: |

.github/workflows/docker-publish.yml

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Compute image version
         id: image
-        uses: actions/github-script@v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@v9
         with:
           script: |
             const fs = require('fs');

.github/workflows/node-upgrade.yml

@@ -159,18 +159,36 @@ jobs:
           git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
           git config --global user.email "<41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>"
 
+          # Build version summary for commit message and PR body (only include changed versions)
+          COMMIT_VERSIONS=""
+          PR_VERSION_LINES=""
+
+          if [ "${{ steps.node-versions.outputs.needs_update20 }}" == "true" ]; then
+            COMMIT_VERSIONS="20: $NODE20_VERSION"
+            PR_VERSION_LINES="- Node 20: ${{ steps.node-versions.outputs.current_node20 }} → $NODE20_VERSION"
+          fi
+
+          if [ "${{ steps.node-versions.outputs.needs_update24 }}" == "true" ]; then
+            if [ -n "$COMMIT_VERSIONS" ]; then
+              COMMIT_VERSIONS="$COMMIT_VERSIONS, 24: $NODE24_VERSION"
+            else
+              COMMIT_VERSIONS="24: $NODE24_VERSION"
+            fi
+            PR_VERSION_LINES="${PR_VERSION_LINES:+$PR_VERSION_LINES
+          }- Node 24: ${{ steps.node-versions.outputs.current_node24 }} → $NODE24_VERSION"
+          fi
+
           # Create branch and commit changes
           branch_name="chore/update-node"
           git checkout -b "$branch_name"
-          git commit -a -m "chore: update Node versions (20: $NODE20_VERSION, 24: $NODE24_VERSION)"
+          git commit -a -m "chore: update Node versions ($COMMIT_VERSIONS)"
           git push --force origin "$branch_name"
 
           # Create PR body using here-doc for proper formatting
           cat > pr_body.txt << EOF
           Automated Node.js version update:
 
-          - Node 20: ${{ steps.node-versions.outputs.current_node20 }} → $NODE20_VERSION
-          - Node 24: ${{ steps.node-versions.outputs.current_node24 }} → $NODE24_VERSION
+          $PR_VERSION_LINES
 
           This update ensures we're using the latest stable Node.js versions for security and performance improvements.
 

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
     # Make sure ./releaseVersion match ./src/runnerversion
     # Query GitHub release ensure version is not used
     - name: Check version
-      uses: actions/github-script@v8
+      uses: actions/github-script@v9
       with:
         github-token: ${{secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN}}
         script: |
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ jobs:
     # Create ReleaseNote file
     - name: Create ReleaseNote
       id: releaseNote
-      uses: actions/github-script@v8
+      uses: actions/github-script@v9
       with:
         github-token: ${{secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN}}
         script: |
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Compute image version
         id: image
-        uses: actions/github-script@v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@v9
         with:
           script: |
             const fs = require('fs');

images/Dockerfile

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ ARG TARGETOS
 ARG TARGETARCH
 ARG RUNNER_VERSION
 ARG RUNNER_CONTAINER_HOOKS_VERSION=0.7.0
-ARG DOCKER_VERSION=29.3.0
-ARG BUILDX_VERSION=0.32.1
+ARG DOCKER_VERSION=29.3.1
+ARG BUILDX_VERSION=0.33.0
 
 RUN apt update -y && apt install curl unzip -y
 

src/Misc/expressionFunc/hashFiles/package.json

@@ -32,20 +32,20 @@
   "author": "GitHub Actions",
   "license": "MIT",
   "dependencies": {
-    "@actions/glob": "^0.4.0"
+    "@actions/glob": "^0.6.1"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@stylistic/eslint-plugin": "^5.10.0",
     "@types/node": "^22.0.0",
-    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^8.57.2",
-    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^8.0.0",
+    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^8.58.1",
+    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^8.58.1",
     "@vercel/ncc": "^0.38.3",
     "eslint": "^8.47.0",
     "eslint-plugin-github": "^4.10.2",
     "eslint-plugin-prettier": "^5.0.0",
     "husky": "^9.1.7",
-    "lint-staged": "^15.5.0",
+    "lint-staged": "^16.4.0",
     "prettier": "^3.0.3",
-    "typescript": "^5.9.3"
+    "typescript": "^6.0.2"
   }
 }

src/Misc/externals.sh

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ NODE_URL=https://nodejs.org/dist
 NODE_ALPINE_URL=https://github.com/actions/alpine_nodejs/releases/download
 # When you update Node versions you must also create a new release of alpine_nodejs at that updated version.
 # Follow the instructions here: https://github.com/actions/alpine_nodejs?tab=readme-ov-file#getting-started
-NODE20_VERSION="20.20.1"
-NODE24_VERSION="24.14.0"
+NODE20_VERSION="20.20.2"
+NODE24_VERSION="24.14.1"
 
 get_abs_path() {
   # exploits the fact that pwd will print abs path when no args

src/Runner.Common/Constants.cs

@@ -177,6 +177,8 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common
                 public static readonly string SetOrchestrationIdEnvForActions = "actions_set_orchestration_id_env_for_actions";
                 public static readonly string SendJobLevelAnnotations = "actions_send_job_level_annotations";
                 public static readonly string EmitCompositeMarkers = "actions_runner_emit_composite_markers";
+                public static readonly string BatchActionResolution = "actions_batch_action_resolution";
+                public static readonly string UseBearerTokenForCodeload = "actions_use_bearer_token_for_codeload";
             }
 
             // Node version migration related constants

src/Runner.Common/Runner.Common.csproj

@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@
   <ItemGroup>
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Win32.Registry" Version="5.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Newtonsoft.Json" Version="13.0.3" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData" Version="8.0.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Text.Encoding.CodePages" Version="8.0.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Threading.Channels" Version="8.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData" Version="10.0.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.Text.Encoding.CodePages" Version="10.0.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.Threading.Channels" Version="10.0.3" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == 'Debug' ">

src/Runner.Common/Tracing.cs

@@ -12,6 +12,13 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common
         private ISecretMasker _secretMasker;
         private TraceSource _traceSource;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The underlying <see cref="System.Diagnostics.TraceSource"/> for this instance.
+        /// Useful when third-party libraries require a <see cref="System.Diagnostics.TraceSource"/>
+        /// to route their diagnostics into the runner's log infrastructure.
+        /// </summary>
+        public TraceSource Source => _traceSource;
+
         public Tracing(string name, ISecretMasker secretMasker, SourceSwitch sourceSwitch, HostTraceListener traceListener, StdoutTraceListener stdoutTraceListener = null)
         {
             ArgUtil.NotNull(secretMasker, nameof(secretMasker));

src/Runner.Listener/Runner.Listener.csproj

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Win32.Registry" Version="5.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Newtonsoft.Json" Version="13.0.3" />
     <PackageReference Include="System.IO.FileSystem.AccessControl" Version="5.0.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData" Version="8.0.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.ServiceProcess.ServiceController" Version="8.0.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData" Version="10.0.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.ServiceProcess.ServiceController" Version="10.0.3" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == 'Debug' ">

src/Runner.Sdk/Runner.Sdk.csproj

@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Text.Encoding.CodePages" Version="8.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.Text.Encoding.CodePages" Version="10.0.3" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Win32.Registry" Version="5.0.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Threading.Channels" Version="8.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.Threading.Channels" Version="10.0.3" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == 'Debug' ">

src/Runner.Worker/ActionManager.cs

@@ -79,6 +79,13 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
                 PreStepTracker = new Dictionary<Guid, IActionRunner>()
             };
             var containerSetupSteps = new List<JobExtensionRunner>();
+            var batchActionResolution = (executionContext.Global.Variables.GetBoolean(Constants.Runner.Features.BatchActionResolution) ?? false)
+                || StringUtil.ConvertToBoolean(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("ACTIONS_BATCH_ACTION_RESOLUTION"));
+            // Stack-local cache: same action (owner/repo@ref) is resolved only once,
+            // even if it appears at multiple depths in a composite tree.
+            var resolvedDownloadInfos = batchActionResolution
+                ? new Dictionary<string, WebApi.ActionDownloadInfo>(StringComparer.Ordinal)
+                : null;
             var depth = 0;
             // We are running at the start of a job
             if (rootStepId == default(Guid))
@@ -105,7 +112,9 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
             PrepareActionsState result = new PrepareActionsState();
             try
             {
-                result = await PrepareActionsRecursiveAsync(executionContext, state, actions, depth, rootStepId);
+                result = batchActionResolution
+                    ? await PrepareActionsRecursiveAsync(executionContext, state, actions, resolvedDownloadInfos, depth, rootStepId)
+                    : await PrepareActionsRecursiveLegacyAsync(executionContext, state, actions, depth, rootStepId);
             }
             catch (FailedToResolveActionDownloadInfoException ex)
             {
@@ -169,7 +178,192 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
             return new PrepareResult(containerSetupSteps, result.PreStepTracker);
         }
 
-        private async Task<PrepareActionsState> PrepareActionsRecursiveAsync(IExecutionContext executionContext, PrepareActionsState state, IEnumerable<Pipelines.ActionStep> actions, Int32 depth = 0, Guid parentStepId = default(Guid))
+        private async Task<PrepareActionsState> PrepareActionsRecursiveAsync(IExecutionContext executionContext, PrepareActionsState state, IEnumerable<Pipelines.ActionStep> actions, Dictionary<string, WebApi.ActionDownloadInfo> resolvedDownloadInfos, Int32 depth = 0, Guid parentStepId = default(Guid))
+        {
+            ArgUtil.NotNull(executionContext, nameof(executionContext));
+            if (depth > Constants.CompositeActionsMaxDepth)
+            {
+                throw new Exception($"Composite action depth exceeded max depth {Constants.CompositeActionsMaxDepth}");
+            }
+
+            var repositoryActions = new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>();
+
+            foreach (var action in actions)
+            {
+                if (action.Reference.Type == Pipelines.ActionSourceType.ContainerRegistry)
+                {
+                    ArgUtil.NotNull(action, nameof(action));
+                    var containerReference = action.Reference as Pipelines.ContainerRegistryReference;
+                    ArgUtil.NotNull(containerReference, nameof(containerReference));
+                    ArgUtil.NotNullOrEmpty(containerReference.Image, nameof(containerReference.Image));
+
+                    if (!state.ImagesToPull.ContainsKey(containerReference.Image))
+                    {
+                        state.ImagesToPull[containerReference.Image] = new List<Guid>();
+                    }
+
+                    Trace.Info($"Action {action.Name} ({action.Id}) needs to pull image '{containerReference.Image}'");
+                    state.ImagesToPull[containerReference.Image].Add(action.Id);
+                }
+                else if (action.Reference.Type == Pipelines.ActionSourceType.Repository)
+                {
+                    repositoryActions.Add(action);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (repositoryActions.Count > 0)
+            {
+                // Resolve download info, skipping any actions already cached.
+                await ResolveNewActionsAsync(executionContext, repositoryActions, resolvedDownloadInfos);
+
+                // Download each action.
+                foreach (var action in repositoryActions)
+                {
+                    var lookupKey = GetDownloadInfoLookupKey(action);
+                    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(lookupKey))
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    if (!resolvedDownloadInfos.TryGetValue(lookupKey, out var downloadInfo))
+                    {
+                        throw new Exception($"Missing download info for {lookupKey}");
+                    }
+                    await DownloadRepositoryActionAsync(executionContext, downloadInfo);
+                }
+
+                // Parse action.yml and collect composite sub-actions for batched
+                // resolution below. Pre/post step registration is deferred until
+                // after recursion so that HasPre/HasPost reflect the full subtree.
+                var nextLevel = new List<(Pipelines.ActionStep action, Guid parentId)>();
+
+                foreach (var action in repositoryActions)
+                {
+                    var setupInfo = PrepareRepositoryActionAsync(executionContext, action);
+                    if (setupInfo != null && setupInfo.Container != null)
+                    {
+                        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(setupInfo.Container.Image))
+                        {
+                            if (!state.ImagesToPull.ContainsKey(setupInfo.Container.Image))
+                            {
+                                state.ImagesToPull[setupInfo.Container.Image] = new List<Guid>();
+                            }
+
+                            Trace.Info($"Action {action.Name} ({action.Id}) from repository '{setupInfo.Container.ActionRepository}' needs to pull image '{setupInfo.Container.Image}'");
+                            state.ImagesToPull[setupInfo.Container.Image].Add(action.Id);
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            ArgUtil.NotNullOrEmpty(setupInfo.Container.ActionRepository, nameof(setupInfo.Container.ActionRepository));
+
+                            if (!state.ImagesToBuild.ContainsKey(setupInfo.Container.ActionRepository))
+                            {
+                                state.ImagesToBuild[setupInfo.Container.ActionRepository] = new List<Guid>();
+                            }
+
+                            Trace.Info($"Action {action.Name} ({action.Id}) from repository '{setupInfo.Container.ActionRepository}' needs to build image '{setupInfo.Container.Dockerfile}'");
+                            state.ImagesToBuild[setupInfo.Container.ActionRepository].Add(action.Id);
+                            state.ImagesToBuildInfo[setupInfo.Container.ActionRepository] = setupInfo.Container;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (setupInfo != null && setupInfo.Steps != null && setupInfo.Steps.Count > 0)
+                    {
+                        foreach (var step in setupInfo.Steps)
+                        {
+                            nextLevel.Add((step, action.Id));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Resolve all next-level sub-actions in one batch API call,
+                // then recurse per parent (which hits the cache, not the API).
+                if (nextLevel.Count > 0)
+                {
+                    var nextLevelRepoActions = nextLevel
+                        .Where(x => x.action.Reference.Type == Pipelines.ActionSourceType.Repository)
+                        .Select(x => x.action)
+                        .ToList();
+                    await ResolveNewActionsAsync(executionContext, nextLevelRepoActions, resolvedDownloadInfos);
+
+                    foreach (var group in nextLevel.GroupBy(x => x.parentId))
+                    {
+                        var groupActions = group.Select(x => x.action).ToList();
+                        state = await PrepareActionsRecursiveAsync(executionContext, state, groupActions, resolvedDownloadInfos, depth + 1, group.Key);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Register pre/post steps after recursion so that HasPre/HasPost
+                // are correct (they depend on _cachedEmbeddedPreSteps/PostSteps
+                // being populated by the recursive calls above).
+                foreach (var action in repositoryActions)
+                {
+                    var repoAction = action.Reference as Pipelines.RepositoryPathReference;
+                    if (repoAction.RepositoryType != Pipelines.PipelineConstants.SelfAlias)
+                    {
+                        var definition = LoadAction(executionContext, action);
+                        if (definition.Data.Execution.HasPre)
+                        {
+                            Trace.Info($"Add 'pre' execution for {action.Id}");
+                            // Root Step
+                            if (depth < 1)
+                            {
+                                var actionRunner = HostContext.CreateService<IActionRunner>();
+                                actionRunner.Action = action;
+                                actionRunner.Stage = ActionRunStage.Pre;
+                                actionRunner.Condition = definition.Data.Execution.InitCondition;
+                                state.PreStepTracker[action.Id] = actionRunner;
+                            }
+                            // Embedded Step
+                            else
+                            {
+                                if (!_cachedEmbeddedPreSteps.ContainsKey(parentStepId))
+                                {
+                                    _cachedEmbeddedPreSteps[parentStepId] = new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>();
+                                }
+                                // Clone action so we can modify the condition without affecting the original
+                                var clonedAction = action.Clone() as Pipelines.ActionStep;
+                                clonedAction.Condition = definition.Data.Execution.InitCondition;
+                                _cachedEmbeddedPreSteps[parentStepId].Add(clonedAction);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        if (definition.Data.Execution.HasPost && depth > 0)
+                        {
+                            if (!_cachedEmbeddedPostSteps.ContainsKey(parentStepId))
+                            {
+                                // If we haven't done so already, add the parent to the post steps
+                                _cachedEmbeddedPostSteps[parentStepId] = new Stack<Pipelines.ActionStep>();
+                            }
+                            // Clone action so we can modify the condition without affecting the original
+                            var clonedAction = action.Clone() as Pipelines.ActionStep;
+                            clonedAction.Condition = definition.Data.Execution.CleanupCondition;
+                            _cachedEmbeddedPostSteps[parentStepId].Push(clonedAction);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (depth > 0)
+                    {
+                        // if we're in a composite action and haven't loaded the local action yet
+                        // we assume it has a post step
+                        if (!_cachedEmbeddedPostSteps.ContainsKey(parentStepId))
+                        {
+                            // If we haven't done so already, add the parent to the post steps
+                            _cachedEmbeddedPostSteps[parentStepId] = new Stack<Pipelines.ActionStep>();
+                        }
+                        // Clone action so we can modify the condition without affecting the original
+                        var clonedAction = action.Clone() as Pipelines.ActionStep;
+                        _cachedEmbeddedPostSteps[parentStepId].Push(clonedAction);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return state;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Legacy (non-batched) action resolution. Each composite resolves its
+        /// sub-actions individually, with no cross-depth deduplication.
+        /// Used when the BatchActionResolution feature flag is disabled.
+        /// </summary>
+        private async Task<PrepareActionsState> PrepareActionsRecursiveLegacyAsync(IExecutionContext executionContext, PrepareActionsState state, IEnumerable<Pipelines.ActionStep> actions, Int32 depth = 0, Guid parentStepId = default(Guid))
         {
             ArgUtil.NotNull(executionContext, nameof(executionContext));
             if (depth > Constants.CompositeActionsMaxDepth)
@@ -255,7 +449,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
                     }
                     else if (setupInfo != null && setupInfo.Steps != null && setupInfo.Steps.Count > 0)
                     {
-                        state = await PrepareActionsRecursiveAsync(executionContext, state, setupInfo.Steps, depth + 1, action.Id);
+                        state = await PrepareActionsRecursiveLegacyAsync(executionContext, state, setupInfo.Steps, depth + 1, action.Id);
                     }
                     var repoAction = action.Reference as Pipelines.RepositoryPathReference;
                     if (repoAction.RepositoryType != Pipelines.PipelineConstants.SelfAlias)
@@ -762,6 +956,33 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
             return actionDownloadInfos.Actions;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Only resolves actions not already in resolvedDownloadInfos.
+        /// Results are cached for reuse at deeper recursion levels.
+        /// </summary>
+        private async Task ResolveNewActionsAsync(IExecutionContext executionContext, List<Pipelines.ActionStep> actions, Dictionary<string, WebApi.ActionDownloadInfo> resolvedDownloadInfos)
+        {
+            var actionsToResolve = new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>();
+            var pendingKeys = new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.Ordinal);
+            foreach (var action in actions)
+            {
+                var lookupKey = GetDownloadInfoLookupKey(action);
+                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(lookupKey) && !resolvedDownloadInfos.ContainsKey(lookupKey) && pendingKeys.Add(lookupKey))
+                {
+                    actionsToResolve.Add(action);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (actionsToResolve.Count > 0)
+            {
+                var downloadInfos = await GetDownloadInfoAsync(executionContext, actionsToResolve);
+                foreach (var kvp in downloadInfos)
+                {
+                    resolvedDownloadInfos[kvp.Key] = kvp.Value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         private async Task DownloadRepositoryActionAsync(IExecutionContext executionContext, WebApi.ActionDownloadInfo downloadInfo)
         {
             Trace.Entering();
@@ -1146,16 +1367,29 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
             return $"{repositoryReference.Name}@{repositoryReference.Ref}";
         }
 
-        private AuthenticationHeaderValue CreateAuthHeader(string token)
+        private AuthenticationHeaderValue CreateAuthHeader(IExecutionContext executionContext, string downloadUrl, string token)
         {
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(token))
             {
                 return null;
             }
 
-            var base64EncodingToken = Convert.ToBase64String(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes($"x-access-token:{token}"));
-            HostContext.SecretMasker.AddValue(base64EncodingToken);
-            return new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Basic", base64EncodingToken);
+            if (executionContext.Global.Variables.GetBoolean(Constants.Runner.Features.UseBearerTokenForCodeload) == true &&
+                Uri.TryCreate(downloadUrl, UriKind.Absolute, out var parsedUrl) &&
+                !string.IsNullOrEmpty(parsedUrl?.Host) &&
+                !string.IsNullOrEmpty(parsedUrl?.PathAndQuery) &&
+                (parsedUrl.Host.StartsWith("codeload.", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) || parsedUrl.PathAndQuery.StartsWith("/_codeload/", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
+            {
+                Trace.Info("Using Bearer token for action archive download directly to codeload.");
+                return new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", token);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Trace.Info("Using Basic token for action archive download.");
+                var base64EncodingToken = Convert.ToBase64String(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes($"x-access-token:{token}"));
+                HostContext.SecretMasker.AddValue(base64EncodingToken);
+                return new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Basic", base64EncodingToken);
+            }
         }
 
         private async Task DownloadRepositoryArchive(IExecutionContext executionContext, string downloadUrl, string downloadAuthToken, string archiveFile)
@@ -1180,7 +1414,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
                             using (var httpClientHandler = HostContext.CreateHttpClientHandler())
                             using (var httpClient = new HttpClient(httpClientHandler))
                             {
-                                httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = CreateAuthHeader(downloadAuthToken);
+                                httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = CreateAuthHeader(executionContext, downloadUrl, downloadAuthToken);
 
                                 httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.UserAgent.AddRange(HostContext.UserAgents);
                                 using (var response = await httpClient.GetAsync(downloadUrl))

src/Runner.Worker/ActionManifestManager.cs

@@ -316,7 +316,6 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
                 Schema = _actionManifestSchema,
                 // TODO: Switch to real tracewriter for cutover
                 TraceWriter = new GitHub.Actions.WorkflowParser.ObjectTemplating.EmptyTraceWriter(),
-                AllowCaseFunction = false,
             };
 
             // Expression values from execution context

src/Runner.Worker/ActionManifestManagerLegacy.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using System;
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Threading;
@@ -315,7 +315,6 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
                     maxBytes: 10 * 1024 * 1024),
                 Schema = _actionManifestSchema,
                 TraceWriter = executionContext.ToTemplateTraceWriter(),
-                AllowCaseFunction = false,
             };
 
             // Expression values from execution context

src/Runner.Worker/Dap/DapDebugger.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
 using System.Net;
+using System.Net.Http.Headers;
 using System.Net.Sockets;
 using System.Text;
 using System.Threading;
@@ -9,6 +12,9 @@ using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using GitHub.DistributedTask.WebApi;
 using GitHub.Runner.Common;
 using GitHub.Runner.Sdk;
+using Microsoft.DevTunnels.Connections;
+using Microsoft.DevTunnels.Contracts;
+using Microsoft.DevTunnels.Management;
 using Newtonsoft.Json;
 
 namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker.Dap
@@ -30,10 +36,10 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker.Dap
     /// </summary>
     public sealed class DapDebugger : RunnerService, IDapDebugger
     {
-        private const int _defaultPort = 4711;
         private const int _defaultTimeoutMinutes = 15;
-        private const string _portEnvironmentVariable = "ACTIONS_RUNNER_DAP_PORT";
         private const string _timeoutEnvironmentVariable = "ACTIONS_RUNNER_DAP_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT";
+        private const int _defaultTunnelConnectTimeoutSeconds = 30;
+        private const string _tunnelConnectTimeoutSeconds = "ACTIONS_RUNNER_DAP_TUNNEL_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS";
         private const string _contentLengthHeader = "Content-Length: ";
         private const int _maxMessageSize = 10 * 1024 * 1024; // 10 MB
         private const int _maxHeaderLineLength = 8192; // 8 KB
@@ -58,6 +64,16 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker.Dap
         private CancellationTokenRegistration? _cancellationRegistration;
         private bool _isFirstStep = true;
 
+        // Dev Tunnel relay host for remote debugging
+        private TunnelRelayTunnelHost _tunnelRelayHost;
+
+        // Cancellation source for the connection loop, cancelled in StopAsync
+        // so AcceptTcpClientAsync unblocks cleanly without relying on listener disposal.
+        private CancellationTokenSource _loopCts;
+
+        // When true, skip tunnel relay startup (unit tests only)
+        internal bool SkipTunnelRelay { get; set; }
+
         // Synchronization for step execution
         private TaskCompletionSource<DapCommand> _commandTcs;
         private readonly object _stateLock = new object();
@@ -101,22 +117,38 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker.Dap
             Trace.Info("DapDebugger initialized");
         }
 
-        public Task StartAsync(IExecutionContext jobContext)
+        public async Task StartAsync(IExecutionContext jobContext)
         {
             ArgUtil.NotNull(jobContext, nameof(jobContext));
-            var port = ResolvePort();
+            var debuggerConfig = jobContext.Global.Debugger;
 
-            Trace.Info($"Starting DAP debugger on port {port}");
+            if (!debuggerConfig.HasValidTunnel)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException(
+                    "Debugger requires valid tunnel configuration (tunnelId, clusterId, hostToken, port).");
+            }
+
+            Trace.Info($"Starting DAP debugger on port {debuggerConfig.Tunnel.Port}");
 
             _jobContext = jobContext;
             _readyTcs = new TaskCompletionSource<bool>(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously);
 
-            _listener = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Loopback, port);
+            _listener = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Loopback, debuggerConfig.Tunnel.Port);
             _listener.Start();
             Trace.Info($"DAP debugger listening on {_listener.LocalEndpoint}");
 
+            // Start Dev Tunnel relay so remote clients reach the local DAP port.
+            // The relay is torn down explicitly in StopAsync (after the DAP session
+            // is closed) so we do NOT pass the job cancellation token here — that
+            // would race with the DAP shutdown and drop the transport mid-protocol.
+            if (!SkipTunnelRelay)
+            {
+                await StartTunnelRelayAsync(debuggerConfig);
+            }
+
             _state = DapSessionState.WaitingForConnection;
-            _connectionLoopTask = ConnectionLoopAsync(jobContext.CancellationToken);
+            _loopCts = CancellationTokenSource.CreateLinkedTokenSource(jobContext.CancellationToken);
+            _connectionLoopTask = ConnectionLoopAsync(_loopCts.Token);
 
             _cancellationRegistration = jobContext.CancellationToken.Register(() =>
             {
@@ -125,8 +157,44 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker.Dap
                 _commandTcs?.TrySetResult(DapCommand.Disconnect);
             });
 
-            Trace.Info($"DAP debugger started on port {port}");
-            return Task.CompletedTask;
+            Trace.Info($"DAP debugger started on port {debuggerConfig.Tunnel.Port}");
+        }
+
+        private async Task StartTunnelRelayAsync(DebuggerConfig config)
+        {
+            Trace.Info($"Starting Dev Tunnel relay (tunnel={config.Tunnel.TunnelId}, cluster={config.Tunnel.ClusterId})");
+
+            var userAgents = HostContext.UserAgents.ToArray();
+            var httpHandler = HostContext.CreateHttpClientHandler();
+            httpHandler.AllowAutoRedirect = false;
+
+            var managementClient = new TunnelManagementClient(
+                userAgents,
+                () => Task.FromResult<AuthenticationHeaderValue>(new AuthenticationHeaderValue("tunnel", config.Tunnel.HostToken)),
+                tunnelServiceUri: null,
+                httpHandler);
+
+            var tunnel = new Tunnel
+            {
+                TunnelId = config.Tunnel.TunnelId,
+                ClusterId = config.Tunnel.ClusterId,
+                AccessTokens = new Dictionary<string, string>
+                {
+                    [TunnelAccessScopes.Host] = config.Tunnel.HostToken
+                },
+                Ports = new[]
+                {
+                    new TunnelPort { PortNumber = config.Tunnel.Port }
+                },
+            };
+
+            _tunnelRelayHost = new TunnelRelayTunnelHost(managementClient, HostContext.GetTrace("DevTunnelRelay").Source);
+            var tunnelConnectTimeoutSeconds = ResolveTunnelConnectTimeout();
+            using var connectCts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(tunnelConnectTimeoutSeconds));
+            Trace.Info($"Connecting to Dev Tunnel relay (timeout: {tunnelConnectTimeoutSeconds}s)");
+            await _tunnelRelayHost.ConnectAsync(tunnel, connectCts.Token);
+
+            Trace.Info("Dev Tunnel relay started");
         }
 
         public async Task WaitUntilReadyAsync()
@@ -180,31 +248,55 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker.Dap
                 _cancellationRegistration = null;
             }
 
-            if (_state != DapSessionState.NotStarted)
+            try
             {
-                try
+                if (_listener != null || _tunnelRelayHost != null || _connectionLoopTask != null)
                 {
                     Trace.Info("Stopping DAP debugger");
-
-                    CleanupConnection();
-
-                    try { _listener?.Stop(); }
-                    catch { /* best effort */ }
-
-                    if (_connectionLoopTask != null)
-                    {
-                        try
-                        {
-                            await Task.WhenAny(_connectionLoopTask, Task.Delay(5000));
-                        }
-                        catch { /* best effort */ }
-                    }
                 }
-                catch (Exception ex)
+
+                // Tear down Dev Tunnel relay FIRST — it may hold connections to the
+                // local port and must be fully disposed before we release the listener,
+                // otherwise the next worker can't bind the same port.
+                if (_tunnelRelayHost != null)
                 {
-                    Trace.Error("Error stopping DAP debugger");
-                    Trace.Error(ex);
+                    Trace.Info("Stopping Dev Tunnel relay");
+                    var disposeTask = _tunnelRelayHost.DisposeAsync().AsTask();
+                    if (await Task.WhenAny(disposeTask, Task.Delay(10_000)) != disposeTask)
+                    {
+                        Trace.Warning("Dev Tunnel relay dispose timed out after 10s");
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Trace.Info("Dev Tunnel relay stopped");
+                    }
+
+                    _tunnelRelayHost = null;
                 }
+
+                CleanupConnection();
+
+                // Cancel the connection loop first so AcceptTcpClientAsync unblocks
+                // cleanly, then stop the listener once nothing is using it.
+                try { _loopCts?.Cancel(); }
+                catch { /* best effort */ }
+
+                try { _listener?.Stop(); }
+                catch { /* best effort */ }
+
+                if (_connectionLoopTask != null)
+                {
+                    try
+                    {
+                        await Task.WhenAny(_connectionLoopTask, Task.Delay(5000));
+                    }
+                    catch { /* best effort */ }
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                Trace.Error("Error stopping DAP debugger");
+                Trace.Error(ex);
             }
 
             lock (_stateLock)
@@ -221,6 +313,8 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker.Dap
             _stream = null;
             _readyTcs = null;
             _connectionLoopTask = null;
+            _loopCts?.Dispose();
+            _loopCts = null;
         }
 
         public async Task OnStepStartingAsync(IStep step)
@@ -398,12 +492,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker.Dap
                 try
                 {
                     Trace.Info("Waiting for debug client connection...");
-                    _client = await _listener.AcceptTcpClientAsync();
-
-                    if (cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
-                    {
-                        break;
-                    }
+                    _client = await _listener.AcceptTcpClientAsync(cancellationToken);
 
                     _stream = _client.GetStream();
                     var remoteEndPoint = _client.Client.RemoteEndPoint;
@@ -418,6 +507,10 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker.Dap
                     HandleClientDisconnected();
                     CleanupConnection();
                 }
+                catch (OperationCanceledException) when (cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
                 catch (Exception ex)
                 {
                     CleanupConnection();
@@ -427,6 +520,13 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker.Dap
                         break;
                     }
 
+                    // If the listener has been stopped, don't retry.
+                    if (_listener == null || !_listener.Server.IsBound)
+                    {
+                        Trace.Info("Listener stopped, exiting connection loop");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
                     Trace.Error("Debugger connection error");
                     Trace.Error(ex);
 
@@ -1272,18 +1372,6 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker.Dap
             };
         }
 
-        internal int ResolvePort()
-        {
-            var portEnv = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(_portEnvironmentVariable);
-            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(portEnv) && int.TryParse(portEnv, out var customPort) && customPort > 1024 && customPort <= 65535)
-            {
-                Trace.Info($"Using custom DAP port {customPort} from {_portEnvironmentVariable}");
-                return customPort;
-            }
-
-            return _defaultPort;
-        }
-
         internal int ResolveTimeout()
         {
             var timeoutEnv = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(_timeoutEnvironmentVariable);
@@ -1295,5 +1383,17 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker.Dap
 
             return _defaultTimeoutMinutes;
         }
+
+        internal int ResolveTunnelConnectTimeout()
+        {
+            var raw = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(_tunnelConnectTimeoutSeconds);
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(raw) && int.TryParse(raw, out var customTimeout) && customTimeout > 0)
+            {
+                Trace.Info($"Using custom tunnel connect timeout {customTimeout}s from {_tunnelConnectTimeoutSeconds}");
+                return customTimeout;
+            }
+
+            return _defaultTunnelConnectTimeoutSeconds;
+        }
     }
 }

src/Runner.Worker/Dap/DebuggerConfig.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+using GitHub.DistributedTask.Pipelines;
+
+namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker.Dap
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Consolidated runtime configuration for the job debugger.
+    /// Populated once from the acquire response and owned by <see cref="GlobalContext"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class DebuggerConfig
+    {
+        public DebuggerConfig(bool enabled, DebuggerTunnelInfo tunnel)
+        {
+            Enabled = enabled;
+            Tunnel = tunnel;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Whether the debugger is enabled for this job.</summary>
+        public bool Enabled { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Dev Tunnel details for remote debugging.
+        /// Required when <see cref="Enabled"/> is true.
+        /// </summary>
+        public DebuggerTunnelInfo Tunnel { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>Whether the tunnel configuration is complete and valid.</summary>
+        public bool HasValidTunnel => Tunnel != null
+            && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(Tunnel.TunnelId)
+            && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(Tunnel.ClusterId)
+            && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(Tunnel.HostToken)
+            && Tunnel.Port >= 1024 && Tunnel.Port <= 65535;
+    }
+}

src/Runner.Worker/ExecutionContext.cs

@@ -892,15 +892,12 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
 
             Trace.Info("Initializing Job context");
             var jobContext = new JobContext();
-            if (Global.Variables.GetBoolean(Constants.Runner.Features.AddCheckRunIdToJobContext) ?? false)
+            ExpressionValues.TryGetValue("job", out var jobDictionary);
+            if (jobDictionary != null)
             {
-                ExpressionValues.TryGetValue("job", out var jobDictionary);
-                if (jobDictionary != null)
+                foreach (var pair in jobDictionary.AssertDictionary("job"))
                 {
-                    foreach (var pair in jobDictionary.AssertDictionary("job"))
-                    {
-                        jobContext[pair.Key] = pair.Value;
-                    }
+                    jobContext[pair.Key] = pair.Value;
                 }
             }
             ExpressionValues["job"] = jobContext;
@@ -970,7 +967,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
             Global.WriteDebug = Global.Variables.Step_Debug ?? false;
 
             // Debugger enabled flag (from acquire response).
-            Global.EnableDebugger = message.EnableDebugger;
+            Global.Debugger = new Dap.DebuggerConfig(message.EnableDebugger, message.DebuggerTunnel);
 
             // Hook up JobServerQueueThrottling event, we will log warning on server tarpit.
             _jobServerQueue.JobServerQueueThrottling += JobServerQueueThrottling_EventReceived;

src/Runner.Worker/GlobalContext.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ using GitHub.Actions.RunService.WebApi;
 using GitHub.DistributedTask.WebApi;
 using GitHub.Runner.Common.Util;
 using GitHub.Runner.Worker.Container;
+using GitHub.Runner.Worker.Dap;
 using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
 using Sdk.RSWebApi.Contracts;
 
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
         public StepsContext StepsContext { get; set; }
         public Variables Variables { get; set; }
         public bool WriteDebug { get; set; }
-        public bool EnableDebugger { get; set; }
+        public DebuggerConfig Debugger { get; set; }
         public string InfrastructureFailureCategory { get; set; }
         public JObject ContainerHookState { get; set; }
         public bool HasTemplateEvaluatorMismatch { get; set; }

src/Runner.Worker/JobContext.cs

@@ -82,5 +82,69 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        public string WorkflowRef
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (this.TryGetValue("workflow_ref", out var value) && value is StringContextData str)
+                {
+                    return str.Value;
+                }
+                return null;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                this["workflow_ref"] = value != null ? new StringContextData(value) : null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public string WorkflowSha
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (this.TryGetValue("workflow_sha", out var value) && value is StringContextData str)
+                {
+                    return str.Value;
+                }
+                return null;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                this["workflow_sha"] = value != null ? new StringContextData(value) : null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public string WorkflowRepository
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (this.TryGetValue("workflow_repository", out var value) && value is StringContextData str)
+                {
+                    return str.Value;
+                }
+                return null;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                this["workflow_repository"] = value != null ? new StringContextData(value) : null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public string WorkflowFilePath
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (this.TryGetValue("workflow_file_path", out var value) && value is StringContextData str)
+                {
+                    return str.Value;
+                }
+                return null;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                this["workflow_file_path"] = value != null ? new StringContextData(value) : null;
+            }
+        }
     }
 }

src/Runner.Worker/JobRunner.cs

@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
                 _tempDirectoryManager.InitializeTempDirectory(jobContext);
 
                 // Setup the debugger
-                if (jobContext.Global.EnableDebugger)
+                if (jobContext.Global.Debugger?.Enabled == true)
                 {
                     Trace.Info("Debugger enabled for this job run");
 

src/Runner.Worker/Runner.Worker.csproj

@@ -19,10 +19,11 @@
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData" Version="8.0.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.ServiceProcess.ServiceController" Version="8.0.1" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Threading.Channels" Version="8.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData" Version="10.0.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.ServiceProcess.ServiceController" Version="10.0.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.Threading.Channels" Version="10.0.3" />
     <PackageReference Include="YamlDotNet.Signed" Version="5.3.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.DevTunnels.Connections" Version="1.3.16" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>

src/Sdk/DTExpressions2/Expressions2/ExpressionParser.cs

@@ -17,10 +17,9 @@ namespace GitHub.DistributedTask.Expressions2
             String expression,
             ITraceWriter trace,
             IEnumerable<INamedValueInfo> namedValues,
-            IEnumerable<IFunctionInfo> functions,
-            Boolean allowCaseFunction = true)
+            IEnumerable<IFunctionInfo> functions)
         {
-            var context = new ParseContext(expression, trace, namedValues, functions, allowCaseFunction: allowCaseFunction);
+            var context = new ParseContext(expression, trace, namedValues, functions);
             context.Trace.Info($"Parsing expression: <{expression}>");
             return CreateTree(context);
         }
@@ -416,12 +415,6 @@ namespace GitHub.DistributedTask.Expressions2
             String name,
             out IFunctionInfo functionInfo)
         {
-            if (String.Equals(name, "case", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) && !context.AllowCaseFunction)
-            {
-                functionInfo = null;
-                return false;
-            }
-
             return ExpressionConstants.WellKnownFunctions.TryGetValue(name, out functionInfo) ||
                 context.ExtensionFunctions.TryGetValue(name, out functionInfo);
         }
@@ -429,7 +422,6 @@ namespace GitHub.DistributedTask.Expressions2
         private sealed class ParseContext
         {
             public Boolean AllowUnknownKeywords;
-            public Boolean AllowCaseFunction;
             public readonly String Expression;
             public readonly Dictionary<String, IFunctionInfo> ExtensionFunctions = new Dictionary<String, IFunctionInfo>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
             public readonly Dictionary<String, INamedValueInfo> ExtensionNamedValues = new Dictionary<String, INamedValueInfo>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
@@ -445,8 +437,7 @@ namespace GitHub.DistributedTask.Expressions2
                 ITraceWriter trace,
                 IEnumerable<INamedValueInfo> namedValues,
                 IEnumerable<IFunctionInfo> functions,
-                Boolean allowUnknownKeywords = false,
-                Boolean allowCaseFunction = true)
+                Boolean allowUnknownKeywords = false)
             {
                 Expression = expression ?? String.Empty;
                 if (Expression.Length > ExpressionConstants.MaxLength)
@@ -467,7 +458,6 @@ namespace GitHub.DistributedTask.Expressions2
 
                 LexicalAnalyzer = new LexicalAnalyzer(Expression);
                 AllowUnknownKeywords = allowUnknownKeywords;
-                AllowCaseFunction = allowCaseFunction;
             }
 
             private class NoOperationTraceWriter : ITraceWriter

src/Sdk/DTObjectTemplating/ObjectTemplating/TemplateContext.cs

@@ -86,12 +86,6 @@ namespace GitHub.DistributedTask.ObjectTemplating
 
         internal ITraceWriter TraceWriter { get; set; }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the case expression function is allowed.
-        /// Defaults to true. Set to false to disable the case function.
-        /// </summary>
-        internal Boolean AllowCaseFunction { get; set; } = true;
-
         private IDictionary<String, Int32> FileIds
         {
             get

src/Sdk/DTObjectTemplating/ObjectTemplating/Tokens/TemplateToken.cs

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ namespace GitHub.DistributedTask.ObjectTemplating.Tokens
             var originalBytes = context.Memory.CurrentBytes;
             try
             {
-                var tree = new ExpressionParser().CreateTree(expression, null, context.GetExpressionNamedValues(), context.ExpressionFunctions, allowCaseFunction: context.AllowCaseFunction);
+                var tree = new ExpressionParser().CreateTree(expression, null, context.GetExpressionNamedValues(), context.ExpressionFunctions);
                 var options = new EvaluationOptions
                 {
                     MaxMemory = context.Memory.MaxBytes,
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ namespace GitHub.DistributedTask.ObjectTemplating.Tokens
             var originalBytes = context.Memory.CurrentBytes;
             try
             {
-                var tree = new ExpressionParser().CreateTree(expression, null, context.GetExpressionNamedValues(), context.ExpressionFunctions, allowCaseFunction: context.AllowCaseFunction);
+                var tree = new ExpressionParser().CreateTree(expression, null, context.GetExpressionNamedValues(), context.ExpressionFunctions);
                 var options = new EvaluationOptions
                 {
                     MaxMemory = context.Memory.MaxBytes,
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ namespace GitHub.DistributedTask.ObjectTemplating.Tokens
             var originalBytes = context.Memory.CurrentBytes;
             try
             {
-                var tree = new ExpressionParser().CreateTree(expression, null, context.GetExpressionNamedValues(), context.ExpressionFunctions, allowCaseFunction: context.AllowCaseFunction);
+                var tree = new ExpressionParser().CreateTree(expression, null, context.GetExpressionNamedValues(), context.ExpressionFunctions);
                 var options = new EvaluationOptions
                 {
                     MaxMemory = context.Memory.MaxBytes,
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ namespace GitHub.DistributedTask.ObjectTemplating.Tokens
             var originalBytes = context.Memory.CurrentBytes;
             try
             {
-                var tree = new ExpressionParser().CreateTree(expression, null, context.GetExpressionNamedValues(), context.ExpressionFunctions, allowCaseFunction: context.AllowCaseFunction);
+                var tree = new ExpressionParser().CreateTree(expression, null, context.GetExpressionNamedValues(), context.ExpressionFunctions);
                 var options = new EvaluationOptions
                 {
                     MaxMemory = context.Memory.MaxBytes,

src/Sdk/DTPipelines/Pipelines/AgentJobRequestMessage.cs

@@ -260,6 +260,13 @@ namespace GitHub.DistributedTask.Pipelines
             set;
         }
 
+        [DataMember(EmitDefaultValue = false)]
+        public DebuggerTunnelInfo DebuggerTunnel
+        {
+            get;
+            set;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the collection of variables associated with the current context.
         /// </summary>

src/Sdk/DTPipelines/Pipelines/DebuggerTunnelInfo.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+using System.Runtime.Serialization;
+
+namespace GitHub.DistributedTask.Pipelines
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Dev Tunnel information the runner needs to host the debugger tunnel.
+    /// Matches the run-service <c>DebuggerTunnel</c> contract.
+    /// </summary>
+    [DataContract]
+    public sealed class DebuggerTunnelInfo
+    {
+        [DataMember(EmitDefaultValue = false)]
+        public string TunnelId { get; set; }
+
+        [DataMember(EmitDefaultValue = false)]
+        public string ClusterId { get; set; }
+
+        [DataMember(EmitDefaultValue = false)]
+        public string HostToken { get; set; }
+
+        [DataMember(EmitDefaultValue = false)]
+        public ushort Port { get; set; }
+    }
+}

src/Sdk/DTPipelines/Pipelines/ObjectTemplating/PipelineTemplateConverter.cs

@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ namespace GitHub.DistributedTask.Pipelines.ObjectTemplating
             var node = default(ExpressionNode);
             try
             {
-                node = expressionParser.CreateTree(condition, null, namedValues, functions, allowCaseFunction: context.AllowCaseFunction) as ExpressionNode;
+                node = expressionParser.CreateTree(condition, null, namedValues, functions) as ExpressionNode;
             }
             catch (Exception ex)
             {

src/Sdk/Expressions/ExpressionParser.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#nullable disable // Consider removing in the future to minimize likelihood of NullReferenceException; refer https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/nullable-references
+#nullable disable // Consider removing in the future to minimize likelihood of NullReferenceException; refer https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/nullable-references
 
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
@@ -17,10 +17,9 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.Expressions
             String expression,
             ITraceWriter trace,
             IEnumerable<INamedValueInfo> namedValues,
-            IEnumerable<IFunctionInfo> functions,
-            Boolean allowCaseFunction = true)
+            IEnumerable<IFunctionInfo> functions)
         {
-            var context = new ParseContext(expression, trace, namedValues, functions, allowCaseFunction: allowCaseFunction);
+            var context = new ParseContext(expression, trace, namedValues, functions);
             context.Trace.Info($"Parsing expression: <{expression}>");
             return CreateTree(context);
         }
@@ -322,7 +321,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.Expressions
                     context.Operators.Pop();
                 }
                 var functionOperands = PopOperands(context, parameterCount);
-                
+
                 // Node already exists on the operand stack
                 function = (Function)context.Operands.Peek();
 
@@ -416,12 +415,6 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.Expressions
             String name,
             out IFunctionInfo functionInfo)
         {
-            if (String.Equals(name, "case", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) && !context.AllowCaseFunction)
-            {
-                functionInfo = null;
-                return false;
-            }
-
             return ExpressionConstants.WellKnownFunctions.TryGetValue(name, out functionInfo) ||
                 context.ExtensionFunctions.TryGetValue(name, out functionInfo);
         }
@@ -429,7 +422,6 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.Expressions
         private sealed class ParseContext
         {
             public Boolean AllowUnknownKeywords;
-            public Boolean AllowCaseFunction;
             public readonly String Expression;
             public readonly Dictionary<String, IFunctionInfo> ExtensionFunctions = new Dictionary<String, IFunctionInfo>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
             public readonly Dictionary<String, INamedValueInfo> ExtensionNamedValues = new Dictionary<String, INamedValueInfo>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
@@ -445,8 +437,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.Expressions
                 ITraceWriter trace,
                 IEnumerable<INamedValueInfo> namedValues,
                 IEnumerable<IFunctionInfo> functions,
-                Boolean allowUnknownKeywords = false,
-                Boolean allowCaseFunction = true)
+                Boolean allowUnknownKeywords = false)
             {
                 Expression = expression ?? String.Empty;
                 if (Expression.Length > ExpressionConstants.MaxLength)
@@ -467,7 +458,6 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.Expressions
 
                 LexicalAnalyzer = new LexicalAnalyzer(Expression);
                 AllowUnknownKeywords = allowUnknownKeywords;
-                AllowCaseFunction = allowCaseFunction;
             }
 
             private class NoOperationTraceWriter : ITraceWriter

src/Sdk/Sdk.csproj

@@ -23,14 +23,14 @@
         <PackageReference Include="Newtonsoft.Json" Version="13.0.3" />
         <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Client" Version="6.0.0" />
         <PackageReference Include="System.Security.Cryptography.Cng" Version="5.0.0" />
-        <PackageReference Include="System.Security.Cryptography.Pkcs" Version="10.0.2" />
-        <PackageReference Include="System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData" Version="8.0.0" />
+        <PackageReference Include="System.Security.Cryptography.Pkcs" Version="10.0.3" />
+        <PackageReference Include="System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData" Version="10.0.3" />
         <PackageReference Include="Minimatch" Version="2.0.0" />
         <PackageReference Include="YamlDotNet.Signed" Version="5.3.0" />
         <PackageReference Include="System.Net.Http" Version="4.3.4" />
         <PackageReference Include="System.Text.RegularExpressions" Version="4.3.1" />
         <PackageReference Include="System.Private.Uri" Version="4.3.2" />
-        <PackageReference Include="System.Formats.Asn1" Version="10.0.2" />
+        <PackageReference Include="System.Formats.Asn1" Version="10.0.3" />
     </ItemGroup>
 
     <ItemGroup>

src/Sdk/WorkflowParser/Conversion/PermissionsHelper.cs

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.WorkflowParser.Conversion
                 return;
             }
 
-            var effectiveMax = explicitMax ?? CreatePermissionsFromPolicy(context, permissionsPolicy, includeIdToken: isTrusted, includeModels: context.GetFeatures().AllowModelsPermission);
+            var effectiveMax = explicitMax ?? CreatePermissionsFromPolicy(context, permissionsPolicy, includeIdToken: isTrusted, includeModels: context.GetFeatures().AllowModelsPermission, includeWorkflows: context.GetFeatures().AllowWorkflowsPermission);
             
             if (requested.ViolatesMaxPermissions(effectiveMax, out var permissionLevelViolations))
             {
@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.WorkflowParser.Conversion
             TemplateContext context,
             string permissionsPolicy,
             bool includeIdToken,
-            bool includeModels)
+            bool includeModels,
+            bool includeWorkflows)
         {
             switch (permissionsPolicy)
             {
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.WorkflowParser.Conversion
                         Packages = PermissionLevel.Read,
                     };
                 case WorkflowConstants.PermissionsPolicy.Write:
-                    return new Permissions(PermissionLevel.Write, includeIdToken: includeIdToken, includeAttestations: true, includeModels: includeModels);
+                    return new Permissions(PermissionLevel.Write, includeIdToken: includeIdToken, includeAttestations: true, includeModels: includeModels, includeWorkflows: includeWorkflows);
                 default:
                     throw new ArgumentException($"Unexpected permission policy: '{permissionsPolicy}'");
             }

src/Sdk/WorkflowParser/Conversion/WorkflowTemplateConverter.cs

@@ -1828,7 +1828,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.WorkflowParser.Conversion
             var node = default(ExpressionNode);
             try
             {
-                node = expressionParser.CreateTree(condition, null, namedValues, functions, allowCaseFunction: context.AllowCaseFunction) as ExpressionNode;
+                node = expressionParser.CreateTree(condition, null, namedValues, functions) as ExpressionNode;
             }
             catch (Exception ex)
             {
@@ -1877,7 +1877,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.WorkflowParser.Conversion
                         permissionsStr.AssertUnexpectedValue(permissionsStr.Value);
                         break;
                 }
-                return new Permissions(permissionLevel, includeIdToken: true, includeAttestations: true, includeModels: context.GetFeatures().AllowModelsPermission);
+                return new Permissions(permissionLevel, includeIdToken: true, includeAttestations: true, includeModels: context.GetFeatures().AllowModelsPermission, includeWorkflows: context.GetFeatures().AllowWorkflowsPermission);
             }
 
             var mapping = token.AssertMapping("permissions");
@@ -1957,6 +1957,24 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.WorkflowParser.Conversion
                             context.Error(key, $"The permission 'models' is not allowed");
                         }
                         break;
+                    case "workflows":
+                        if (context.GetFeatures().AllowWorkflowsPermission)
+                        {
+                            // Workflows only supports write; downgrade read to none
+                            if (permissionLevel == PermissionLevel.Read)
+                            {
+                                permissions.Workflows = PermissionLevel.NoAccess;
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                permissions.Workflows = permissionLevel;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            context.Error(key, $"The permission 'workflows' is not allowed");
+                        }
+                        break;
                     default:
                         break;
                 }

src/Sdk/WorkflowParser/ObjectTemplating/TemplateContext.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#nullable disable // Consider removing in the future to minimize likelihood of NullReferenceException; refer https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/nullable-references
+#nullable disable // Consider removing in the future to minimize likelihood of NullReferenceException; refer https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/nullable-references
 
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
@@ -113,12 +113,6 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.WorkflowParser.ObjectTemplating
         /// </summary>
         internal Boolean StrictJsonParsing { get; set; }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the case expression function is allowed.
-        /// Defaults to true. Set to false to disable the case function.
-        /// </summary>
-        internal Boolean AllowCaseFunction { get; set; } = true;
-
         internal ITraceWriter TraceWriter { get; set; }
 
         private IDictionary<String, Int32> FileIds

src/Sdk/WorkflowParser/ObjectTemplating/Tokens/TemplateToken.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#nullable disable // Consider removing in the future to minimize likelihood of NullReferenceException; refer https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/nullable-references
+#nullable disable // Consider removing in the future to minimize likelihood of NullReferenceException; refer https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/nullable-references
 
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.WorkflowParser.ObjectTemplating.Tokens
             var originalBytes = context.Memory.CurrentBytes;
             try
             {
-                var tree = new ExpressionParser().CreateTree(expression, null, context.GetExpressionNamedValues(), context.ExpressionFunctions, allowCaseFunction: context.AllowCaseFunction);
+                var tree = new ExpressionParser().CreateTree(expression, null, context.GetExpressionNamedValues(), context.ExpressionFunctions);
                 var options = new EvaluationOptions
                 {
                     MaxMemory = context.Memory.MaxBytes,
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.WorkflowParser.ObjectTemplating.Tokens
             var originalBytes = context.Memory.CurrentBytes;
             try
             {
-                var tree = new ExpressionParser().CreateTree(expression, null, context.GetExpressionNamedValues(), context.ExpressionFunctions, allowCaseFunction: context.AllowCaseFunction);
+                var tree = new ExpressionParser().CreateTree(expression, null, context.GetExpressionNamedValues(), context.ExpressionFunctions);
                 var options = new EvaluationOptions
                 {
                     MaxMemory = context.Memory.MaxBytes,
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.WorkflowParser.ObjectTemplating.Tokens
             var originalBytes = context.Memory.CurrentBytes;
             try
             {
-                var tree = new ExpressionParser().CreateTree(expression, null, context.GetExpressionNamedValues(), context.ExpressionFunctions, allowCaseFunction: context.AllowCaseFunction);
+                var tree = new ExpressionParser().CreateTree(expression, null, context.GetExpressionNamedValues(), context.ExpressionFunctions);
                 var options = new EvaluationOptions
                 {
                     MaxMemory = context.Memory.MaxBytes,
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.WorkflowParser.ObjectTemplating.Tokens
             var originalBytes = context.Memory.CurrentBytes;
             try
             {
-                var tree = new ExpressionParser().CreateTree(expression, null, context.GetExpressionNamedValues(), context.ExpressionFunctions, allowCaseFunction: context.AllowCaseFunction);
+                var tree = new ExpressionParser().CreateTree(expression, null, context.GetExpressionNamedValues(), context.ExpressionFunctions);
                 var options = new EvaluationOptions
                 {
                     MaxMemory = context.Memory.MaxBytes,
@@ -289,4 +289,4 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.WorkflowParser.ObjectTemplating.Tokens
             return result;
         }
     }
-}
+}

src/Sdk/WorkflowParser/Permissions.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using System;
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Runtime.Serialization;
 using GitHub.Actions.WorkflowParser.Conversion;
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.WorkflowParser
         public Permissions(Permissions copy)
         {
             Actions = copy.Actions;
-			ArtifactMetadata = copy.ArtifactMetadata;
+            ArtifactMetadata = copy.ArtifactMetadata;
             Attestations = copy.Attestations;
             Checks = copy.Checks;
             Contents = copy.Contents;
@@ -32,16 +32,18 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.WorkflowParser
             SecurityEvents = copy.SecurityEvents;
             IdToken = copy.IdToken;
             Models = copy.Models;
+            Workflows = copy.Workflows;
         }
 
         public Permissions(
             PermissionLevel permissionLevel,
             bool includeIdToken,
             bool includeAttestations,
-            bool includeModels)
+            bool includeModels,
+            bool includeWorkflows = false)
         {
             Actions = permissionLevel;
-			ArtifactMetadata = permissionLevel;
+            ArtifactMetadata = permissionLevel;
             Attestations = includeAttestations ? permissionLevel : PermissionLevel.NoAccess;
             Checks = permissionLevel;
             Contents = permissionLevel;
@@ -56,8 +58,12 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.WorkflowParser
             SecurityEvents = permissionLevel;
             IdToken = includeIdToken ? permissionLevel : PermissionLevel.NoAccess;
             // Models must not have higher permissions than Read
-            Models = includeModels 
-                ? (permissionLevel == PermissionLevel.Write ? PermissionLevel.Read : permissionLevel) 
+            Models = includeModels
+                ? (permissionLevel == PermissionLevel.Write ? PermissionLevel.Read : permissionLevel)
+                : PermissionLevel.NoAccess;
+            // Workflows is write-only, so only grant it when permissionLevel is Write
+            Workflows = includeWorkflows && permissionLevel == PermissionLevel.Write
+                ? PermissionLevel.Write
                 : PermissionLevel.NoAccess;
         }
 
@@ -81,6 +87,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.WorkflowParser
                 new KeyValuePair<string, (PermissionLevel, PermissionLevel)>("security-events", (left.SecurityEvents, right.SecurityEvents)),
                 new KeyValuePair<string, (PermissionLevel, PermissionLevel)>("id-token", (left.IdToken, right.IdToken)),
                 new KeyValuePair<string, (PermissionLevel, PermissionLevel)>("models", (left.Models, right.Models)),
+                new KeyValuePair<string, (PermissionLevel, PermissionLevel)>("workflows", (left.Workflows, right.Workflows)),
             };
         }
 
@@ -196,6 +203,13 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.WorkflowParser
             set;
         }
 
+        [DataMember(Name = "workflows", EmitDefaultValue = false)]
+        public PermissionLevel Workflows
+        {
+            get;
+            set;
+        }
+
         public Permissions Clone()
         {
             return new Permissions(this);

src/Sdk/WorkflowParser/WorkflowFeatures.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using System;
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Reflection;
@@ -41,6 +41,13 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.WorkflowParser
         [DataMember(EmitDefaultValue = false)]
         public bool AllowModelsPermission { get; set; }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether users may use the "workflows" permission.
+        /// Used during parsing only.
+        /// </summary>
+        [DataMember(EmitDefaultValue = false)]
+        public bool AllowWorkflowsPermission { get; set; }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the expression function fromJson performs strict JSON parsing.
         /// Used during evaluation only.
@@ -67,6 +74,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.WorkflowParser
                 Snapshot = false,           // Default to false since this feature is still in an experimental phase
                 StrictJsonParsing = false,  // Default to false since this is temporary for telemetry purposes only
                 AllowModelsPermission = false, // Default to false since we want this to be disabled for all non-production environments
+                AllowWorkflowsPermission = false, // Default to false; gated by feature flag for controlled rollout
                 AllowServiceContainerCommand = false, // Default to false since this feature is gated by actions_service_container_command
             };
         }

src/Test/L0/Sdk/ExpressionParserL0.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using GitHub.DistributedTask.Expressions2;
+using GitHub.DistributedTask.Expressions2;
 using GitHub.DistributedTask.Expressions2.Sdk;
 using GitHub.DistributedTask.ObjectTemplating;
 using System;
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Sdk
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// Regression tests for ExpressionParser.CreateTree to verify that
-    /// allowCaseFunction does not accidentally set allowUnknownKeywords.
+    /// the case function does not accidentally set allowUnknownKeywords.
     /// </summary>
     public sealed class ExpressionParserL0
     {
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Sdk
         [Trait("Category", "Sdk")]
         public void CreateTree_RejectsUnrecognizedNamedValue()
         {
-            // Regression: allowCaseFunction was passed positionally into
+            // Regression: the case function parameter was passed positionally into
             // the allowUnknownKeywords parameter, causing all named values
             // to be silently accepted.
             var parser = new ExpressionParser();
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Sdk
         [Fact]
         [Trait("Level", "L0")]
         [Trait("Category", "Sdk")]
-        public void CreateTree_CaseFunctionWorks_WhenAllowed()
+        public void CreateTree_CaseFunctionWorks()
         {
             var parser = new ExpressionParser();
             var namedValues = new List<INamedValueInfo>
@@ -60,35 +60,17 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Sdk
                 new NamedValueInfo<ContextValueNode>("github"),
             };
 
-            var node = parser.CreateTree("case(github.event_name, 'push', 'Push Event')", null, namedValues, null, allowCaseFunction: true);
+            var node = parser.CreateTree("case(github.event_name, 'push', 'Push Event')", null, namedValues, null);
 
             Assert.NotNull(node);
         }
 
-        [Fact]
-        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
-        [Trait("Category", "Sdk")]
-        public void CreateTree_CaseFunctionRejected_WhenDisallowed()
-        {
-            var parser = new ExpressionParser();
-            var namedValues = new List<INamedValueInfo>
-            {
-                new NamedValueInfo<ContextValueNode>("github"),
-            };
-
-            var ex = Assert.Throws<ParseException>(() =>
-                parser.CreateTree("case(github.event_name, 'push', 'Push Event')", null, namedValues, null, allowCaseFunction: false));
-
-            Assert.Contains("Unrecognized function", ex.Message);
-        }
-
         [Fact]
         [Trait("Level", "L0")]
         [Trait("Category", "Sdk")]
         public void CreateTree_CaseFunctionDoesNotAffectUnknownKeywords()
         {
-            // The key regression test: with allowCaseFunction=true (default),
-            // unrecognized named values must still be rejected.
+            // The key regression test: unrecognized named values must still be rejected.
             var parser = new ExpressionParser();
             var namedValues = new List<INamedValueInfo>
             {
@@ -96,7 +78,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Sdk
             };
 
             var ex = Assert.Throws<ParseException>(() =>
-                parser.CreateTree("github.ref", null, namedValues, null, allowCaseFunction: true));
+                parser.CreateTree("github.ref", null, namedValues, null));
 
             Assert.Contains("Unrecognized named-value", ex.Message);
         }

src/Test/L0/Sdk/RSWebApi/AgentJobRequestMessageL0.cs

@@ -69,6 +69,56 @@ public sealed class AgentJobRequestMessageL0
         Assert.False(recoveredMessage.EnableDebugger, "EnableDebugger should be false when JSON contains 'EnableDebugger': false");
     }
 
+    [Fact]
+    [Trait("Level", "L0")]
+    [Trait("Category", "Common")]
+    public void VerifyDebuggerTunnelDeserialization_WithTunnel()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(AgentJobRequestMessage), new DataContractJsonSerializerSettings
+        {
+            KnownTypes = new[] { typeof(DebuggerTunnelInfo) }
+        });
+        string json = DoubleQuotify(
+            "{'EnableDebugger': true, 'DebuggerTunnel': {'TunnelId': 'tun-123', 'ClusterId': 'use2', 'HostToken': 'tok-abc', 'Port': 4711}}");
+
+        // Act
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        stream.Write(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(json));
+        stream.Position = 0;
+        var recoveredMessage = serializer.ReadObject(stream) as AgentJobRequestMessage;
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.NotNull(recoveredMessage);
+        Assert.True(recoveredMessage.EnableDebugger);
+        Assert.NotNull(recoveredMessage.DebuggerTunnel);
+        Assert.Equal("tun-123", recoveredMessage.DebuggerTunnel.TunnelId);
+        Assert.Equal("use2", recoveredMessage.DebuggerTunnel.ClusterId);
+        Assert.Equal("tok-abc", recoveredMessage.DebuggerTunnel.HostToken);
+        Assert.Equal(4711, recoveredMessage.DebuggerTunnel.Port);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    [Trait("Level", "L0")]
+    [Trait("Category", "Common")]
+    public void VerifyDebuggerTunnelDeserialization_WithoutTunnel()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(AgentJobRequestMessage));
+        string json = DoubleQuotify("{'EnableDebugger': true}");
+
+        // Act
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        stream.Write(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(json));
+        stream.Position = 0;
+        var recoveredMessage = serializer.ReadObject(stream) as AgentJobRequestMessage;
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.NotNull(recoveredMessage);
+        Assert.True(recoveredMessage.EnableDebugger);
+        Assert.Null(recoveredMessage.DebuggerTunnel);
+    }
+
     private static string DoubleQuotify(string text)
     {
         return text.Replace('\'', '"');

src/Test/L0/Worker/ActionManagerL0.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using System.IO;
 using System.IO.Compression;
 using System.Net;
@@ -1254,6 +1255,659 @@ runs:
         }
 #endif
 
+        // =================================================================
+        // Tests for batched action resolution optimization
+        // =================================================================
+
+        [Fact]
+        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
+        [Trait("Category", "Worker")]
+        public async void PrepareActions_BatchesResolutionAcrossCompositeActions()
+        {
+            // Verifies that when multiple composite actions at the same depth
+            // reference sub-actions, those sub-actions are resolved in a single
+            // batched API call rather than one call per composite.
+            //
+            // Action tree:
+            //   CompositePrestep (composite) → [Node action, CompositePrestep2 (composite)]
+            //   CompositePrestep2 (composite) → [Node action, Docker action]
+            //
+            // Without batching: 3 API calls (depth 0, depth 1 for CompositePrestep, depth 2 for CompositePrestep2)
+            // With batching: still 3 calls at most, but the key is that depth-1
+            //   sub-actions from all composites at depth 0 are batched into 1 call.
+            //   And the same action appearing at multiple depths triggers only 1 resolve.
+            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("ACTIONS_BATCH_ACTION_RESOLUTION", "true");
+            try
+            {
+                //Arrange
+                Setup();
+                _hc.EnqueueInstance<IActionRunner>(new Mock<IActionRunner>().Object);
+                _hc.EnqueueInstance<IActionRunner>(new Mock<IActionRunner>().Object);
+                _hc.EnqueueInstance<IActionRunner>(new Mock<IActionRunner>().Object);
+
+                var resolveCallCount = 0;
+                var resolvedActions = new List<ActionReferenceList>();
+                _jobServer.Setup(x => x.ResolveActionDownloadInfoAsync(It.IsAny<Guid>(), It.IsAny<string>(), It.IsAny<Guid>(), It.IsAny<Guid>(), It.IsAny<ActionReferenceList>(), It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()))
+                    .Returns((Guid scopeIdentifier, string hubName, Guid planId, Guid jobId, ActionReferenceList actions, CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+                    {
+                        resolveCallCount++;
+                        resolvedActions.Add(actions);
+                        var result = new ActionDownloadInfoCollection { Actions = new Dictionary<string, ActionDownloadInfo>() };
+                        foreach (var action in actions.Actions)
+                        {
+                            var key = $"{action.NameWithOwner}@{action.Ref}";
+                            result.Actions[key] = new ActionDownloadInfo
+                            {
+                                NameWithOwner = action.NameWithOwner,
+                                Ref = action.Ref,
+                                ResolvedNameWithOwner = action.NameWithOwner,
+                                ResolvedSha = $"{action.Ref}-sha",
+                                TarballUrl = $"https://api.github.com/repos/{action.NameWithOwner}/tarball/{action.Ref}",
+                                ZipballUrl = $"https://api.github.com/repos/{action.NameWithOwner}/zipball/{action.Ref}",
+                            };
+                        }
+                        return Task.FromResult(result);
+                    });
+
+                var actionId = Guid.NewGuid();
+                var actions = new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>
+                {
+                    new Pipelines.ActionStep()
+                    {
+                        Name = "action",
+                        Id = actionId,
+                        Reference = new Pipelines.RepositoryPathReference()
+                        {
+                            Name = "TingluoHuang/runner_L0",
+                            Ref = "CompositePrestep",
+                            RepositoryType = "GitHub"
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+
+                //Act
+                var result = await _actionManager.PrepareActionsAsync(_ec.Object, actions);
+
+                //Assert
+                // The composite tree is:
+                //   depth 0: CompositePrestep
+                //   depth 1: Node@RepositoryActionWithWrapperActionfile_Node + CompositePrestep2
+                //   depth 2: Node@RepositoryActionWithWrapperActionfile_Node + Docker@RepositoryActionWithWrapperActionfile_Docker
+                //
+                // With batching:
+                //   Call 1 (depth 0, resolve): CompositePrestep
+                //   Call 2 (depth 0→1, pre-resolve): Node + CompositePrestep2 in one batch
+                //   Call 3 (depth 1→2, pre-resolve): Docker only (Node already cached from call 2)
+                Assert.Equal(3, resolveCallCount);
+
+                // Call 1: depth 0 resolve — just the top-level composite
+                var call1Keys = resolvedActions[0].Actions.Select(a => $"{a.NameWithOwner}@{a.Ref}").OrderBy(k => k).ToList();
+                Assert.Equal(new[] { "TingluoHuang/runner_L0@CompositePrestep" }, call1Keys);
+
+                // Call 2: depth 0→1 pre-resolve — batch both children of CompositePrestep
+                var call2Keys = resolvedActions[1].Actions.Select(a => $"{a.NameWithOwner}@{a.Ref}").OrderBy(k => k).ToList();
+                Assert.Equal(new[] { "TingluoHuang/runner_L0@CompositePrestep2", "TingluoHuang/runner_L0@RepositoryActionWithWrapperActionfile_Node" }, call2Keys);
+
+                // Call 3: depth 1→2 pre-resolve — only Docker (Node was cached in call 2)
+                var call3Keys = resolvedActions[2].Actions.Select(a => $"{a.NameWithOwner}@{a.Ref}").OrderBy(k => k).ToList();
+                Assert.Equal(new[] { "TingluoHuang/runner_L0@RepositoryActionWithWrapperActionfile_Docker" }, call3Keys);
+
+                // Verify all actions were downloaded
+                Assert.True(File.Exists(Path.Combine(_hc.GetDirectory(WellKnownDirectory.Actions), "TingluoHuang/runner_L0", "CompositePrestep.completed")));
+                Assert.True(File.Exists(Path.Combine(_hc.GetDirectory(WellKnownDirectory.Actions), "TingluoHuang/runner_L0", "RepositoryActionWithWrapperActionfile_Node.completed")));
+                Assert.True(File.Exists(Path.Combine(_hc.GetDirectory(WellKnownDirectory.Actions), "TingluoHuang/runner_L0", "CompositePrestep2.completed")));
+                Assert.True(File.Exists(Path.Combine(_hc.GetDirectory(WellKnownDirectory.Actions), "TingluoHuang/runner_L0", "RepositoryActionWithWrapperActionfile_Docker.completed")));
+
+                // Verify pre-step tracking still works correctly
+                Assert.Equal(1, result.PreStepTracker.Count);
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("ACTIONS_BATCH_ACTION_RESOLUTION", null);
+                Teardown();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
+        [Trait("Category", "Worker")]
+        public async void PrepareActions_DeduplicatesResolutionAcrossDepthLevels()
+        {
+            // Verifies that an action appearing at multiple depths in the
+            // composite tree is only resolved once (not re-resolved at each level).
+            //
+            // CompositePrestep uses Node action at depth 1.
+            // CompositePrestep2 (also at depth 1) uses the SAME Node action at depth 2.
+            // The Node action should only be resolved once total.
+            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("ACTIONS_BATCH_ACTION_RESOLUTION", "true");
+            try
+            {
+                //Arrange
+                Setup();
+                _hc.EnqueueInstance<IActionRunner>(new Mock<IActionRunner>().Object);
+                _hc.EnqueueInstance<IActionRunner>(new Mock<IActionRunner>().Object);
+                _hc.EnqueueInstance<IActionRunner>(new Mock<IActionRunner>().Object);
+
+                var allResolvedKeys = new List<string>();
+                _jobServer.Setup(x => x.ResolveActionDownloadInfoAsync(It.IsAny<Guid>(), It.IsAny<string>(), It.IsAny<Guid>(), It.IsAny<Guid>(), It.IsAny<ActionReferenceList>(), It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()))
+                    .Returns((Guid scopeIdentifier, string hubName, Guid planId, Guid jobId, ActionReferenceList actions, CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+                    {
+                        var result = new ActionDownloadInfoCollection { Actions = new Dictionary<string, ActionDownloadInfo>() };
+                        foreach (var action in actions.Actions)
+                        {
+                            var key = $"{action.NameWithOwner}@{action.Ref}";
+                            allResolvedKeys.Add(key);
+                            result.Actions[key] = new ActionDownloadInfo
+                            {
+                                NameWithOwner = action.NameWithOwner,
+                                Ref = action.Ref,
+                                ResolvedNameWithOwner = action.NameWithOwner,
+                                ResolvedSha = $"{action.Ref}-sha",
+                                TarballUrl = $"https://api.github.com/repos/{action.NameWithOwner}/tarball/{action.Ref}",
+                                ZipballUrl = $"https://api.github.com/repos/{action.NameWithOwner}/zipball/{action.Ref}",
+                            };
+                        }
+                        return Task.FromResult(result);
+                    });
+
+                var actionId = Guid.NewGuid();
+                var actions = new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>
+                {
+                    new Pipelines.ActionStep()
+                    {
+                        Name = "action",
+                        Id = actionId,
+                        Reference = new Pipelines.RepositoryPathReference()
+                        {
+                            Name = "TingluoHuang/runner_L0",
+                            Ref = "CompositePrestep",
+                            RepositoryType = "GitHub"
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+
+                //Act
+                await _actionManager.PrepareActionsAsync(_ec.Object, actions);
+
+                //Assert
+                // TingluoHuang/runner_L0@RepositoryActionWithWrapperActionfile_Node appears
+                // at both depth 1 (sub-step of CompositePrestep) and depth 2 (sub-step of
+                // CompositePrestep2). With deduplication it should only be resolved once.
+                var nodeActionKey = "TingluoHuang/runner_L0@RepositoryActionWithWrapperActionfile_Node";
+                var nodeResolveCount = allResolvedKeys.FindAll(k => k == nodeActionKey).Count;
+                Assert.Equal(1, nodeResolveCount);
+
+                // Verify the total number of unique actions resolved matches the tree
+                var uniqueKeys = new HashSet<string>(allResolvedKeys);
+                // Expected unique actions: CompositePrestep, Node, CompositePrestep2, Docker = 4
+                Assert.Equal(4, uniqueKeys.Count);
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("ACTIONS_BATCH_ACTION_RESOLUTION", null);
+                Teardown();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
+        [Trait("Category", "Worker")]
+        public async void PrepareActions_MultipleTopLevelActions_BatchesResolution()
+        {
+            // Verifies that multiple independent actions at depth 0 are
+            // resolved in a single API call.
+            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("ACTIONS_BATCH_ACTION_RESOLUTION", "true");
+            try
+            {
+                //Arrange
+                Setup();
+                // Node action has pre+post, needs IActionRunner instances
+                _hc.EnqueueInstance<IActionRunner>(new Mock<IActionRunner>().Object);
+                _hc.EnqueueInstance<IActionRunner>(new Mock<IActionRunner>().Object);
+
+                var resolveCallCount = 0;
+                var firstCallActionCount = 0;
+                _jobServer.Setup(x => x.ResolveActionDownloadInfoAsync(It.IsAny<Guid>(), It.IsAny<string>(), It.IsAny<Guid>(), It.IsAny<Guid>(), It.IsAny<ActionReferenceList>(), It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()))
+                    .Returns((Guid scopeIdentifier, string hubName, Guid planId, Guid jobId, ActionReferenceList actions, CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+                    {
+                        resolveCallCount++;
+                        if (resolveCallCount == 1)
+                        {
+                            firstCallActionCount = actions.Actions.Count;
+                        }
+                        var result = new ActionDownloadInfoCollection { Actions = new Dictionary<string, ActionDownloadInfo>() };
+                        foreach (var action in actions.Actions)
+                        {
+                            var key = $"{action.NameWithOwner}@{action.Ref}";
+                            result.Actions[key] = new ActionDownloadInfo
+                            {
+                                NameWithOwner = action.NameWithOwner,
+                                Ref = action.Ref,
+                                ResolvedNameWithOwner = action.NameWithOwner,
+                                ResolvedSha = $"{action.Ref}-sha",
+                                TarballUrl = $"https://api.github.com/repos/{action.NameWithOwner}/tarball/{action.Ref}",
+                                ZipballUrl = $"https://api.github.com/repos/{action.NameWithOwner}/zipball/{action.Ref}",
+                            };
+                        }
+                        return Task.FromResult(result);
+                    });
+
+                var actions = new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>
+                {
+                    new Pipelines.ActionStep()
+                    {
+                        Name = "action1",
+                        Id = Guid.NewGuid(),
+                        Reference = new Pipelines.RepositoryPathReference()
+                        {
+                            Name = "TingluoHuang/runner_L0",
+                            Ref = "RepositoryActionWithWrapperActionfile_Node",
+                            RepositoryType = "GitHub"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    new Pipelines.ActionStep()
+                    {
+                        Name = "action2",
+                        Id = Guid.NewGuid(),
+                        Reference = new Pipelines.RepositoryPathReference()
+                        {
+                            Name = "TingluoHuang/runner_L0",
+                            Ref = "RepositoryActionWithWrapperActionfile_Docker",
+                            RepositoryType = "GitHub"
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+
+                //Act
+                await _actionManager.PrepareActionsAsync(_ec.Object, actions);
+
+                //Assert
+                // Both actions are at depth 0 — should be resolved in a single batch call
+                Assert.Equal(1, resolveCallCount);
+                Assert.Equal(2, firstCallActionCount);
+
+                // Verify both were downloaded
+                Assert.True(File.Exists(Path.Combine(_hc.GetDirectory(WellKnownDirectory.Actions), "TingluoHuang/runner_L0", "RepositoryActionWithWrapperActionfile_Node.completed")));
+                Assert.True(File.Exists(Path.Combine(_hc.GetDirectory(WellKnownDirectory.Actions), "TingluoHuang/runner_L0", "RepositoryActionWithWrapperActionfile_Docker.completed")));
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("ACTIONS_BATCH_ACTION_RESOLUTION", null);
+                Teardown();
+            }
+        }
+
+#if OS_LINUX
+        [Fact]
+        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
+        [Trait("Category", "Worker")]
+        public async void PrepareActions_NestedCompositeContainers_BatchedResolution()
+        {
+            // Verifies batching with nested composite actions that reference
+            // container actions (Linux-only since containers require Linux).
+            //
+            // CompositeContainerNested (composite):
+            //   → repositoryactionwithdockerfile (Dockerfile)
+            //   → CompositeContainerNested2 (composite):
+            //       → repositoryactionwithdockerfile (Dockerfile, same as above)
+            //       → notpullorbuildimagesmultipletimes1 (Dockerfile)
+            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("ACTIONS_BATCH_ACTION_RESOLUTION", "true");
+            try
+            {
+                //Arrange
+                Setup();
+
+                var resolveCallCount = 0;
+                _jobServer.Setup(x => x.ResolveActionDownloadInfoAsync(It.IsAny<Guid>(), It.IsAny<string>(), It.IsAny<Guid>(), It.IsAny<Guid>(), It.IsAny<ActionReferenceList>(), It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()))
+                    .Returns((Guid scopeIdentifier, string hubName, Guid planId, Guid jobId, ActionReferenceList actions, CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+                    {
+                        resolveCallCount++;
+                        var result = new ActionDownloadInfoCollection { Actions = new Dictionary<string, ActionDownloadInfo>() };
+                        foreach (var action in actions.Actions)
+                        {
+                            var key = $"{action.NameWithOwner}@{action.Ref}";
+                            result.Actions[key] = new ActionDownloadInfo
+                            {
+                                NameWithOwner = action.NameWithOwner,
+                                Ref = action.Ref,
+                                ResolvedNameWithOwner = action.NameWithOwner,
+                                ResolvedSha = $"{action.Ref}-sha",
+                                TarballUrl = $"https://api.github.com/repos/{action.NameWithOwner}/tarball/{action.Ref}",
+                                ZipballUrl = $"https://api.github.com/repos/{action.NameWithOwner}/zipball/{action.Ref}",
+                            };
+                        }
+                        return Task.FromResult(result);
+                    });
+
+                var actionId = Guid.NewGuid();
+                var actions = new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>
+                {
+                    new Pipelines.ActionStep()
+                    {
+                        Name = "action",
+                        Id = actionId,
+                        Reference = new Pipelines.RepositoryPathReference()
+                        {
+                            Name = "TingluoHuang/runner_L0",
+                            Ref = "CompositeContainerNested",
+                            RepositoryType = "GitHub"
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+
+                //Act
+                var result = await _actionManager.PrepareActionsAsync(_ec.Object, actions);
+
+                //Assert
+                // Tree has 3 depth levels with 5 unique actions.
+                // With batching, should need at most 3 resolve calls (one per depth level).
+                Assert.True(resolveCallCount <= 3, $"Expected at most 3 resolve calls but got {resolveCallCount}");
+
+                // repositoryactionwithdockerfile appears at both depth 1 and depth 2.
+                // Container setup should still work correctly — 2 unique Docker images.
+                Assert.Equal(2, result.ContainerSetupSteps.Count);
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("ACTIONS_BATCH_ACTION_RESOLUTION", null);
+                Teardown();
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+
+        [Fact]
+        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
+        [Trait("Category", "Worker")]
+        public async void PrepareActions_ParallelDownloads_MultipleUniqueActions()
+        {
+            // Verifies that multiple unique top-level actions are downloaded via
+            // DownloadActionsInParallelAsync (the parallel code path), and that
+            // all actions are correctly resolved and downloaded.
+            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("ACTIONS_BATCH_ACTION_RESOLUTION", "true");
+            try
+            {
+                //Arrange
+                Setup();
+                // Node action has pre step, and CompositePrestep recurses into
+                // sub-actions that also need IActionRunner instances
+                _hc.EnqueueInstance<IActionRunner>(new Mock<IActionRunner>().Object);
+                _hc.EnqueueInstance<IActionRunner>(new Mock<IActionRunner>().Object);
+                _hc.EnqueueInstance<IActionRunner>(new Mock<IActionRunner>().Object);
+                _hc.EnqueueInstance<IActionRunner>(new Mock<IActionRunner>().Object);
+                _hc.EnqueueInstance<IActionRunner>(new Mock<IActionRunner>().Object);
+
+                var resolveCallCount = 0;
+                _jobServer.Setup(x => x.ResolveActionDownloadInfoAsync(It.IsAny<Guid>(), It.IsAny<string>(), It.IsAny<Guid>(), It.IsAny<Guid>(), It.IsAny<ActionReferenceList>(), It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()))
+                    .Returns((Guid scopeIdentifier, string hubName, Guid planId, Guid jobId, ActionReferenceList actions, CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+                    {
+                        Interlocked.Increment(ref resolveCallCount);
+                        var result = new ActionDownloadInfoCollection { Actions = new Dictionary<string, ActionDownloadInfo>() };
+                        foreach (var action in actions.Actions)
+                        {
+                            var key = $"{action.NameWithOwner}@{action.Ref}";
+                            result.Actions[key] = new ActionDownloadInfo
+                            {
+                                NameWithOwner = action.NameWithOwner,
+                                Ref = action.Ref,
+                                ResolvedNameWithOwner = action.NameWithOwner,
+                                ResolvedSha = $"{action.Ref}-sha",
+                                TarballUrl = $"https://api.github.com/repos/{action.NameWithOwner}/tarball/{action.Ref}",
+                                ZipballUrl = $"https://api.github.com/repos/{action.NameWithOwner}/zipball/{action.Ref}",
+                            };
+                        }
+                        return Task.FromResult(result);
+                    });
+
+                var actions = new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>
+                {
+                    new Pipelines.ActionStep()
+                    {
+                        Name = "action1",
+                        Id = Guid.NewGuid(),
+                        Reference = new Pipelines.RepositoryPathReference()
+                        {
+                            Name = "TingluoHuang/runner_L0",
+                            Ref = "RepositoryActionWithWrapperActionfile_Node",
+                            RepositoryType = "GitHub"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    new Pipelines.ActionStep()
+                    {
+                        Name = "action2",
+                        Id = Guid.NewGuid(),
+                        Reference = new Pipelines.RepositoryPathReference()
+                        {
+                            Name = "TingluoHuang/runner_L0",
+                            Ref = "RepositoryActionWithWrapperActionfile_Docker",
+                            RepositoryType = "GitHub"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    new Pipelines.ActionStep()
+                    {
+                        Name = "action3",
+                        Id = Guid.NewGuid(),
+                        Reference = new Pipelines.RepositoryPathReference()
+                        {
+                            Name = "TingluoHuang/runner_L0",
+                            Ref = "CompositePrestep",
+                            RepositoryType = "GitHub"
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+
+                //Act
+                await _actionManager.PrepareActionsAsync(_ec.Object, actions);
+
+                //Assert
+                // 3 unique actions at depth 0 → triggers DownloadActionsInParallelAsync
+                // (parallel path used when uniqueDownloads.Count > 1)
+                var nodeCompleted = Path.Combine(_hc.GetDirectory(WellKnownDirectory.Actions), "TingluoHuang/runner_L0", "RepositoryActionWithWrapperActionfile_Node.completed");
+                var dockerCompleted = Path.Combine(_hc.GetDirectory(WellKnownDirectory.Actions), "TingluoHuang/runner_L0", "RepositoryActionWithWrapperActionfile_Docker.completed");
+                var compositeCompleted = Path.Combine(_hc.GetDirectory(WellKnownDirectory.Actions), "TingluoHuang/runner_L0", "CompositePrestep.completed");
+
+                Assert.True(File.Exists(nodeCompleted), $"Expected watermark at {nodeCompleted}");
+                Assert.True(File.Exists(dockerCompleted), $"Expected watermark at {dockerCompleted}");
+                Assert.True(File.Exists(compositeCompleted), $"Expected watermark at {compositeCompleted}");
+
+                // All depth-0 actions resolved in a single batch call.
+                // Composite sub-actions may add 1-2 more calls.
+                Assert.True(resolveCallCount >= 1, "Expected at least 1 resolve call");
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("ACTIONS_BATCH_ACTION_RESOLUTION", null);
+                Teardown();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
+        [Trait("Category", "Worker")]
+        public async void PrepareActions_DownloadsNextLevelActionsBeforeRecursing()
+        {
+            // Verifies that depth-1 actions are downloaded before the depth-2
+            // pre-resolve fires. We detect this by snapshotting watermark state
+            // inside the 3rd ResolveActionDownloadInfoAsync callback (which is
+            // the depth-2 pre-resolve). If pre-download works, depth-1 watermarks
+            // already exist at that point.
+            //
+            // Action tree:
+            //   CompositePrestep (composite) → [Node, CompositePrestep2 (composite)]
+            //   CompositePrestep2 (composite) → [Node, Docker]
+            //
+            // Without pre-download: downloads happen during recursion (serial per depth)
+            // With pre-download: depth 1 actions (Node + CompositePrestep2) are
+            //   downloaded in parallel before recursing, so recursion is a no-op
+            //   for downloads.
+            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("ACTIONS_BATCH_ACTION_RESOLUTION", "true");
+            try
+            {
+                //Arrange
+                Setup();
+                _hc.EnqueueInstance<IActionRunner>(new Mock<IActionRunner>().Object);
+                _hc.EnqueueInstance<IActionRunner>(new Mock<IActionRunner>().Object);
+                _hc.EnqueueInstance<IActionRunner>(new Mock<IActionRunner>().Object);
+
+                // Track watermark state at the time of each resolve call.
+                // If pre-download works, when the 3rd resolve fires (depth 2
+                // pre-resolve for Docker), the depth-1 actions (Node +
+                // CompositePrestep2) should already have watermarks on disk.
+                var resolveCallCount = 0;
+                var watermarksAtResolve3 = new Dictionary<string, bool>();
+                _jobServer.Setup(x => x.ResolveActionDownloadInfoAsync(It.IsAny<Guid>(), It.IsAny<string>(), It.IsAny<Guid>(), It.IsAny<Guid>(), It.IsAny<ActionReferenceList>(), It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()))
+                    .Returns((Guid scopeIdentifier, string hubName, Guid planId, Guid jobId, ActionReferenceList actions, CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+                    {
+                        resolveCallCount++;
+                        if (resolveCallCount == 3)
+                        {
+                            // At the time of the 3rd resolve, check if depth-1 actions
+                            // are already downloaded (pre-download should have done this)
+                            var actionsDir2 = _hc.GetDirectory(WellKnownDirectory.Actions);
+                            watermarksAtResolve3["Node"] = File.Exists(Path.Combine(actionsDir2, "TingluoHuang/runner_L0", "RepositoryActionWithWrapperActionfile_Node.completed"));
+                            watermarksAtResolve3["CompositePrestep2"] = File.Exists(Path.Combine(actionsDir2, "TingluoHuang/runner_L0", "CompositePrestep2.completed"));
+                        }
+                        var result = new ActionDownloadInfoCollection { Actions = new Dictionary<string, ActionDownloadInfo>() };
+                        foreach (var action in actions.Actions)
+                        {
+                            var key = $"{action.NameWithOwner}@{action.Ref}";
+                            result.Actions[key] = new ActionDownloadInfo
+                            {
+                                NameWithOwner = action.NameWithOwner,
+                                Ref = action.Ref,
+                                ResolvedNameWithOwner = action.NameWithOwner,
+                                ResolvedSha = $"{action.Ref}-sha",
+                                TarballUrl = $"https://api.github.com/repos/{action.NameWithOwner}/tarball/{action.Ref}",
+                                ZipballUrl = $"https://api.github.com/repos/{action.NameWithOwner}/zipball/{action.Ref}",
+                            };
+                        }
+                        return Task.FromResult(result);
+                    });
+
+                var actionId = Guid.NewGuid();
+                var actions = new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>
+                {
+                    new Pipelines.ActionStep()
+                    {
+                        Name = "action",
+                        Id = actionId,
+                        Reference = new Pipelines.RepositoryPathReference()
+                        {
+                            Name = "TingluoHuang/runner_L0",
+                            Ref = "CompositePrestep",
+                            RepositoryType = "GitHub"
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+
+                //Act
+                var result = await _actionManager.PrepareActionsAsync(_ec.Object, actions);
+
+                //Assert
+                // All actions should be downloaded (watermarks exist)
+                var actionsDir = _hc.GetDirectory(WellKnownDirectory.Actions);
+                Assert.True(File.Exists(Path.Combine(actionsDir, "TingluoHuang/runner_L0", "CompositePrestep.completed")));
+                Assert.True(File.Exists(Path.Combine(actionsDir, "TingluoHuang/runner_L0", "RepositoryActionWithWrapperActionfile_Node.completed")));
+                Assert.True(File.Exists(Path.Combine(actionsDir, "TingluoHuang/runner_L0", "CompositePrestep2.completed")));
+                Assert.True(File.Exists(Path.Combine(actionsDir, "TingluoHuang/runner_L0", "RepositoryActionWithWrapperActionfile_Docker.completed")));
+
+                // 3 resolve calls total
+                Assert.Equal(3, resolveCallCount);
+
+                // The key assertion: at the time of the 3rd resolve call
+                // (pre-resolve for depth 2), the depth-1 actions should
+                // ALREADY be downloaded thanks to pre-download.
+                // Without pre-download, these watermarks wouldn't exist yet
+                // because depth-1 downloads would only happen during recursion.
+                Assert.True(watermarksAtResolve3["Node"],
+                    "Node action should be pre-downloaded before depth 2 pre-resolve");
+                Assert.True(watermarksAtResolve3["CompositePrestep2"],
+                    "CompositePrestep2 should be pre-downloaded before depth 2 pre-resolve");
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("ACTIONS_BATCH_ACTION_RESOLUTION", null);
+                Teardown();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
+        [Trait("Category", "Worker")]
+        public async void PrepareActions_ParallelDownloadsAtSameDepth()
+        {
+            // Verifies that multiple unique actions at the same depth are
+            // downloaded concurrently (Task.WhenAll) rather than sequentially.
+            // We detect this by checking that all watermarks exist after a
+            // single PrepareActionsAsync call with multiple top-level actions.
+            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("ACTIONS_BATCH_ACTION_RESOLUTION", "true");
+            try
+            {
+                //Arrange
+                Setup();
+                _hc.EnqueueInstance<IActionRunner>(new Mock<IActionRunner>().Object);
+                _hc.EnqueueInstance<IActionRunner>(new Mock<IActionRunner>().Object);
+
+                _jobServer.Setup(x => x.ResolveActionDownloadInfoAsync(It.IsAny<Guid>(), It.IsAny<string>(), It.IsAny<Guid>(), It.IsAny<Guid>(), It.IsAny<ActionReferenceList>(), It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()))
+                    .Returns((Guid scopeIdentifier, string hubName, Guid planId, Guid jobId, ActionReferenceList actions, CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+                    {
+                        var result = new ActionDownloadInfoCollection { Actions = new Dictionary<string, ActionDownloadInfo>() };
+                        foreach (var action in actions.Actions)
+                        {
+                            var key = $"{action.NameWithOwner}@{action.Ref}";
+                            result.Actions[key] = new ActionDownloadInfo
+                            {
+                                NameWithOwner = action.NameWithOwner,
+                                Ref = action.Ref,
+                                ResolvedNameWithOwner = action.NameWithOwner,
+                                ResolvedSha = $"{action.Ref}-sha",
+                                TarballUrl = $"https://api.github.com/repos/{action.NameWithOwner}/tarball/{action.Ref}",
+                                ZipballUrl = $"https://api.github.com/repos/{action.NameWithOwner}/zipball/{action.Ref}",
+                            };
+                        }
+                        return Task.FromResult(result);
+                    });
+
+                var actions = new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>
+                {
+                    new Pipelines.ActionStep()
+                    {
+                        Name = "action1",
+                        Id = Guid.NewGuid(),
+                        Reference = new Pipelines.RepositoryPathReference()
+                        {
+                            Name = "TingluoHuang/runner_L0",
+                            Ref = "RepositoryActionWithWrapperActionfile_Node",
+                            RepositoryType = "GitHub"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    new Pipelines.ActionStep()
+                    {
+                        Name = "action2",
+                        Id = Guid.NewGuid(),
+                        Reference = new Pipelines.RepositoryPathReference()
+                        {
+                            Name = "TingluoHuang/runner_L0",
+                            Ref = "RepositoryActionWithWrapperActionfile_Docker",
+                            RepositoryType = "GitHub"
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+
+                //Act
+                await _actionManager.PrepareActionsAsync(_ec.Object, actions);
+
+                //Assert - both downloaded (parallel path used when > 1 unique download)
+                var actionsDir = _hc.GetDirectory(WellKnownDirectory.Actions);
+                Assert.True(File.Exists(Path.Combine(actionsDir, "TingluoHuang/runner_L0", "RepositoryActionWithWrapperActionfile_Node.completed")));
+                Assert.True(File.Exists(Path.Combine(actionsDir, "TingluoHuang/runner_L0", "RepositoryActionWithWrapperActionfile_Docker.completed")));
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("ACTIONS_BATCH_ACTION_RESOLUTION", null);
+                Teardown();
+            }
+        }
+
         [Fact]
         [Trait("Level", "L0")]
         [Trait("Category", "Worker")]

src/Test/L0/Worker/ActionManifestManagerL0.cs

@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
             }
         }
 
-         [Fact]
+        [Fact]
         [Trait("Level", "L0")]
         [Trait("Category", "Worker")]
         public void Load_Node24Action()
@@ -1006,6 +1006,45 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
             _ec.Setup(x => x.AddIssue(It.IsAny<Issue>(), It.IsAny<ExecutionContextLogOptions>())).Callback((Issue issue, ExecutionContextLogOptions logOptions) => { _hc.GetTrace().Info($"[{issue.Type}]{logOptions.LogMessageOverride ?? issue.Message}"); });
         }
 
+        [Fact]
+        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
+        [Trait("Category", "Worker")]
+        public void Evaluate_Default_Input_Case_Function()
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                //Arrange
+                Setup();
+
+                var actionManifest = new ActionManifestManager();
+                actionManifest.Initialize(_hc);
+
+                _ec.Object.ExpressionValues["github"] = new LegacyContextData.DictionaryContextData
+                {
+                    { "ref", new LegacyContextData.StringContextData("refs/heads/main") },
+                };
+                _ec.Object.ExpressionValues["strategy"] = new LegacyContextData.DictionaryContextData();
+                _ec.Object.ExpressionValues["matrix"] = new LegacyContextData.DictionaryContextData();
+                _ec.Object.ExpressionValues["steps"] = new LegacyContextData.DictionaryContextData();
+                _ec.Object.ExpressionValues["job"] = new LegacyContextData.DictionaryContextData();
+                _ec.Object.ExpressionValues["runner"] = new LegacyContextData.DictionaryContextData();
+                _ec.Object.ExpressionValues["env"] = new LegacyContextData.DictionaryContextData();
+                _ec.Object.ExpressionFunctions.Add(new LegacyExpressions.FunctionInfo<GitHub.Runner.Worker.Expressions.HashFilesFunction>("hashFiles", 1, 255));
+
+                // Act — evaluate a case() expression as a default input value.
+                // The feature flag is set, so this should succeed.
+                var token = new BasicExpressionToken(null, null, null, "case(true, 'matched', 'default')");
+                var result = actionManifest.EvaluateDefaultInput(_ec.Object, "testInput", token);
+
+                // Assert — case() should evaluate successfully
+                Assert.Equal("matched", result);
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                Teardown();
+            }
+        }
+
         private void Teardown()
         {
             _hc?.Dispose();

src/Test/L0/Worker/DapDebuggerL0.cs

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
 {
     public sealed class DapDebuggerL0
     {
-        private const string PortEnvironmentVariable = "ACTIONS_RUNNER_DAP_PORT";
         private const string TimeoutEnvironmentVariable = "ACTIONS_RUNNER_DAP_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT";
+        private const string TunnelConnectTimeoutVariable = "ACTIONS_RUNNER_DAP_TUNNEL_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS";
         private DapDebugger _debugger;
 
         private TestHostContext CreateTestContext([CallerMemberName] string testName = "")
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
             var hc = new TestHostContext(this, testName);
             _debugger = new DapDebugger();
             _debugger.Initialize(hc);
+            _debugger.SkipTunnelRelay = true;
             return hc;
         }
 
@@ -56,11 +57,11 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
             }
         }
 
-        private static int GetFreePort()
+        private static ushort GetFreePort()
         {
             using var listener = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Loopback, 0);
             listener.Start();
-            return ((IPEndPoint)listener.LocalEndpoint).Port;
+            return (ushort)((IPEndPoint)listener.LocalEndpoint).Port;
         }
 
         private static async Task<TcpClient> ConnectClientAsync(int port)
@@ -140,10 +141,19 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
             return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(body);
         }
 
-        private static Mock<IExecutionContext> CreateJobContext(CancellationToken cancellationToken, string jobName = null)
+        private static Mock<IExecutionContext> CreateJobContextWithTunnel(CancellationToken cancellationToken, ushort port, string jobName = null)
         {
+            var tunnel = new GitHub.DistributedTask.Pipelines.DebuggerTunnelInfo
+            {
+                TunnelId = "test-tunnel",
+                ClusterId = "test-cluster",
+                HostToken = "test-token",
+                Port = port
+            };
+            var debuggerConfig = new DebuggerConfig(true, tunnel);
             var jobContext = new Mock<IExecutionContext>();
             jobContext.Setup(x => x.CancellationToken).Returns(cancellationToken);
+            jobContext.Setup(x => x.Global).Returns(new GlobalContext { Debugger = debuggerConfig });
             jobContext
                 .Setup(x => x.GetGitHubContext(It.IsAny<string>()))
                 .Returns((string contextName) => string.Equals(contextName, "job", StringComparison.Ordinal) ? jobName : null);
@@ -165,42 +175,36 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
         [Fact]
         [Trait("Level", "L0")]
         [Trait("Category", "Worker")]
-        public void ResolvePortUsesCustomPortFromEnvironment()
+        public async Task StartAsyncFailsWithoutValidTunnelConfig()
         {
             using (CreateTestContext())
             {
-                WithEnvironmentVariable(PortEnvironmentVariable, "9999", () =>
+                using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
+                var jobContext = new Mock<IExecutionContext>();
+                jobContext.Setup(x => x.CancellationToken).Returns(cts.Token);
+                jobContext.Setup(x => x.Global).Returns(new GlobalContext
                 {
-                    Assert.Equal(9999, _debugger.ResolvePort());
+                    Debugger = new DebuggerConfig(true, null)
                 });
+
+                await Assert.ThrowsAsync<ArgumentException>(() => _debugger.StartAsync(jobContext.Object));
             }
         }
 
         [Fact]
         [Trait("Level", "L0")]
         [Trait("Category", "Worker")]
-        public void ResolvePortIgnoresInvalidPortFromEnvironment()
+        public async Task StartAsyncUsesPortFromTunnelConfig()
         {
             using (CreateTestContext())
             {
-                WithEnvironmentVariable(PortEnvironmentVariable, "not-a-number", () =>
-                {
-                    Assert.Equal(4711, _debugger.ResolvePort());
-                });
-            }
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
-        [Trait("Category", "Worker")]
-        public void ResolvePortIgnoresOutOfRangePortFromEnvironment()
-        {
-            using (CreateTestContext())
-            {
-                WithEnvironmentVariable(PortEnvironmentVariable, "99999", () =>
-                {
-                    Assert.Equal(4711, _debugger.ResolvePort());
-                });
+                var port = GetFreePort();
+                using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
+                var jobContext = CreateJobContextWithTunnel(cts.Token, port);
+                await _debugger.StartAsync(jobContext.Object);
+                using var client = await ConnectClientAsync(port);
+                Assert.True(client.Connected);
+                await _debugger.StopAsync();
             }
         }
 
@@ -254,15 +258,12 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
             using (CreateTestContext())
             {
                 var port = GetFreePort();
-                await WithEnvironmentVariableAsync(PortEnvironmentVariable, port.ToString(), async () =>
-                {
-                    using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
-                    var jobContext = CreateJobContext(cts.Token);
-                    await _debugger.StartAsync(jobContext.Object);
-                    using var client = await ConnectClientAsync(port);
-                    Assert.True(client.Connected);
-                    await _debugger.StopAsync();
-                });
+                using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
+                var jobContext = CreateJobContextWithTunnel(cts.Token, port);
+                await _debugger.StartAsync(jobContext.Object);
+                using var client = await ConnectClientAsync(port);
+                Assert.True(client.Connected);
+                await _debugger.StopAsync();
             }
         }
 
@@ -275,13 +276,10 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
             {
                 foreach (var port in new[] { GetFreePort(), GetFreePort() })
                 {
-                    await WithEnvironmentVariableAsync(PortEnvironmentVariable, port.ToString(), async () =>
-                    {
-                        using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
-                        var jobContext = CreateJobContext(cts.Token);
-                        await _debugger.StartAsync(jobContext.Object);
-                        await _debugger.StopAsync();
-                    });
+                    using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
+                    var jobContext = CreateJobContextWithTunnel(cts.Token, port);
+                    await _debugger.StartAsync(jobContext.Object);
+                    await _debugger.StopAsync();
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -294,25 +292,22 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
             using (CreateTestContext())
             {
                 var port = GetFreePort();
-                await WithEnvironmentVariableAsync(PortEnvironmentVariable, port.ToString(), async () =>
+                using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
+                var jobContext = CreateJobContextWithTunnel(cts.Token, port);
+                await _debugger.StartAsync(jobContext.Object);
+
+                var waitTask = _debugger.WaitUntilReadyAsync();
+                using var client = await ConnectClientAsync(port);
+                await SendRequestAsync(client.GetStream(), new Request
                 {
-                    using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
-                    var jobContext = CreateJobContext(cts.Token);
-                    await _debugger.StartAsync(jobContext.Object);
-
-                    var waitTask = _debugger.WaitUntilReadyAsync();
-                    using var client = await ConnectClientAsync(port);
-                    await SendRequestAsync(client.GetStream(), new Request
-                    {
-                        Seq = 1,
-                        Type = "request",
-                        Command = "configurationDone"
-                    });
-
-                    await waitTask;
-                    Assert.Equal(DapSessionState.Ready, _debugger.State);
-                    await _debugger.StopAsync();
+                    Seq = 1,
+                    Type = "request",
+                    Command = "configurationDone"
                 });
+
+                await waitTask;
+                Assert.Equal(DapSessionState.Ready, _debugger.State);
+                await _debugger.StopAsync();
             }
         }
 
@@ -324,25 +319,22 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
             using (CreateTestContext())
             {
                 var port = GetFreePort();
-                await WithEnvironmentVariableAsync(PortEnvironmentVariable, port.ToString(), async () =>
+                using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
+                var jobContext = CreateJobContextWithTunnel(cts.Token, port, "ci-job");
+                await _debugger.StartAsync(jobContext.Object);
+                using var client = await ConnectClientAsync(port);
+                var stream = client.GetStream();
+                await SendRequestAsync(client.GetStream(), new Request
                 {
-                    using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
-                    var jobContext = CreateJobContext(cts.Token, "ci-job");
-                    await _debugger.StartAsync(jobContext.Object);
-                    using var client = await ConnectClientAsync(port);
-                    var stream = client.GetStream();
-                    await SendRequestAsync(client.GetStream(), new Request
-                    {
-                        Seq = 1,
-                        Type = "request",
-                        Command = "threads"
-                    });
-
-                    var response = await ReadDapMessageAsync(stream, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
-                    Assert.Contains("\"command\":\"threads\"", response);
-                    Assert.Contains("\"name\":\"Job: ci-job\"", response);
-                    await _debugger.StopAsync();
+                    Seq = 1,
+                    Type = "request",
+                    Command = "threads"
                 });
+
+                var response = await ReadDapMessageAsync(stream, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
+                Assert.Contains("\"command\":\"threads\"", response);
+                Assert.Contains("\"name\":\"Job: ci-job\"", response);
+                await _debugger.StopAsync();
             }
         }
 
@@ -354,30 +346,27 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
             using (CreateTestContext())
             {
                 var port = GetFreePort();
-                await WithEnvironmentVariableAsync(PortEnvironmentVariable, port.ToString(), async () =>
+                using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
+                var jobContext = CreateJobContextWithTunnel(cts.Token, port);
+                await _debugger.StartAsync(jobContext.Object);
+
+                var waitTask = _debugger.WaitUntilReadyAsync();
+                using var client = await ConnectClientAsync(port);
+                await SendRequestAsync(client.GetStream(), new Request
                 {
-                    using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
-                    var jobContext = CreateJobContext(cts.Token);
-                    await _debugger.StartAsync(jobContext.Object);
-
-                    var waitTask = _debugger.WaitUntilReadyAsync();
-                    using var client = await ConnectClientAsync(port);
-                    await SendRequestAsync(client.GetStream(), new Request
-                    {
-                        Seq = 1,
-                        Type = "request",
-                        Command = "configurationDone"
-                    });
-
-                    await waitTask;
-                    cts.Cancel();
-
-                    // In the real runner, JobRunner always calls OnJobCompletedAsync
-                    // from a finally block. The cancellation callback only unblocks
-                    // pending waits; OnJobCompletedAsync handles state + cleanup.
-                    await _debugger.OnJobCompletedAsync();
-                    Assert.Equal(DapSessionState.Terminated, _debugger.State);
+                    Seq = 1,
+                    Type = "request",
+                    Command = "configurationDone"
                 });
+
+                await waitTask;
+                cts.Cancel();
+
+                // In the real runner, JobRunner always calls OnJobCompletedAsync
+                // from a finally block. The cancellation callback only unblocks
+                // pending waits; OnJobCompletedAsync handles state + cleanup.
+                await _debugger.OnJobCompletedAsync();
+                Assert.Equal(DapSessionState.Terminated, _debugger.State);
             }
         }
 
@@ -400,25 +389,22 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
             using (CreateTestContext())
             {
                 var port = GetFreePort();
-                await WithEnvironmentVariableAsync(PortEnvironmentVariable, port.ToString(), async () =>
+                using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
+                var jobContext = CreateJobContextWithTunnel(cts.Token, port);
+                await _debugger.StartAsync(jobContext.Object);
+
+                var waitTask = _debugger.WaitUntilReadyAsync();
+                using var client = await ConnectClientAsync(port);
+                await SendRequestAsync(client.GetStream(), new Request
                 {
-                    using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
-                    var jobContext = CreateJobContext(cts.Token);
-                    await _debugger.StartAsync(jobContext.Object);
-
-                    var waitTask = _debugger.WaitUntilReadyAsync();
-                    using var client = await ConnectClientAsync(port);
-                    await SendRequestAsync(client.GetStream(), new Request
-                    {
-                        Seq = 1,
-                        Type = "request",
-                        Command = "configurationDone"
-                    });
-
-                    await waitTask;
-                    await _debugger.OnJobCompletedAsync();
-                    Assert.Equal(DapSessionState.Terminated, _debugger.State);
+                    Seq = 1,
+                    Type = "request",
+                    Command = "configurationDone"
                 });
+
+                await waitTask;
+                await _debugger.OnJobCompletedAsync();
+                Assert.Equal(DapSessionState.Terminated, _debugger.State);
             }
         }
 
@@ -441,20 +427,17 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
             using (CreateTestContext())
             {
                 var port = GetFreePort();
-                await WithEnvironmentVariableAsync(PortEnvironmentVariable, port.ToString(), async () =>
-                {
-                    using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
-                    var jobContext = CreateJobContext(cts.Token);
-                    await _debugger.StartAsync(jobContext.Object);
+                using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
+                var jobContext = CreateJobContextWithTunnel(cts.Token, port);
+                await _debugger.StartAsync(jobContext.Object);
 
-                    var waitTask = _debugger.WaitUntilReadyAsync();
-                    await Task.Delay(50);
-                    cts.Cancel();
+                var waitTask = _debugger.WaitUntilReadyAsync();
+                await Task.Delay(50);
+                cts.Cancel();
 
-                    var ex = await Assert.ThrowsAnyAsync<OperationCanceledException>(() => waitTask);
-                    Assert.IsNotType<TimeoutException>(ex);
-                    await _debugger.StopAsync();
-                });
+                var ex = await Assert.ThrowsAnyAsync<OperationCanceledException>(() => waitTask);
+                Assert.IsNotType<TimeoutException>(ex);
+                await _debugger.StopAsync();
             }
         }
 
@@ -471,32 +454,29 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
                 hc.SecretMasker.AddValue("initialized");
 
                 var port = GetFreePort();
-                await WithEnvironmentVariableAsync(PortEnvironmentVariable, port.ToString(), async () =>
+                using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
+                var jobContext = CreateJobContextWithTunnel(cts.Token, port);
+                await _debugger.StartAsync(jobContext.Object);
+                using var client = await ConnectClientAsync(port);
+                var stream = client.GetStream();
+
+                await SendRequestAsync(stream, new Request
                 {
-                    using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
-                    var jobContext = CreateJobContext(cts.Token);
-                    await _debugger.StartAsync(jobContext.Object);
-                    using var client = await ConnectClientAsync(port);
-                    var stream = client.GetStream();
-
-                    await SendRequestAsync(stream, new Request
-                    {
-                        Seq = 1,
-                        Type = "request",
-                        Command = "initialize"
-                    });
-
-                    var response = await ReadDapMessageAsync(stream, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
-                    Assert.Contains("\"type\":\"response\"", response);
-                    Assert.Contains("\"command\":\"initialize\"", response);
-                    Assert.Contains("\"success\":true", response);
-
-                    var initializedEvent = await ReadDapMessageAsync(stream, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
-                    Assert.Contains("\"type\":\"event\"", initializedEvent);
-                    Assert.Contains("\"event\":\"initialized\"", initializedEvent);
-
-                    await _debugger.StopAsync();
+                    Seq = 1,
+                    Type = "request",
+                    Command = "initialize"
                 });
+
+                var response = await ReadDapMessageAsync(stream, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
+                Assert.Contains("\"type\":\"response\"", response);
+                Assert.Contains("\"command\":\"initialize\"", response);
+                Assert.Contains("\"success\":true", response);
+
+                var initializedEvent = await ReadDapMessageAsync(stream, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
+                Assert.Contains("\"type\":\"event\"", initializedEvent);
+                Assert.Contains("\"event\":\"initialized\"", initializedEvent);
+
+                await _debugger.StopAsync();
             }
         }
 
@@ -508,41 +488,38 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
             using (CreateTestContext())
             {
                 var port = GetFreePort();
-                await WithEnvironmentVariableAsync(PortEnvironmentVariable, port.ToString(), async () =>
+                using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
+                var jobContext = CreateJobContextWithTunnel(cts.Token, port);
+                await _debugger.StartAsync(jobContext.Object);
+
+                // Complete handshake so session is ready
+                var waitTask = _debugger.WaitUntilReadyAsync();
+                using var client = await ConnectClientAsync(port);
+                var stream = client.GetStream();
+                await SendRequestAsync(stream, new Request
                 {
-                    using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
-                    var jobContext = CreateJobContext(cts.Token);
-                    await _debugger.StartAsync(jobContext.Object);
-
-                    // Complete handshake so session is ready
-                    var waitTask = _debugger.WaitUntilReadyAsync();
-                    using var client = await ConnectClientAsync(port);
-                    var stream = client.GetStream();
-                    await SendRequestAsync(stream, new Request
-                    {
-                        Seq = 1,
-                        Type = "request",
-                        Command = "configurationDone"
-                    });
-                    await waitTask;
-
-                    // Simulate a step starting (which pauses)
-                    var step = new Mock<IStep>();
-                    step.Setup(s => s.DisplayName).Returns("Test Step");
-                    step.Setup(s => s.ExecutionContext).Returns((IExecutionContext)null);
-                    var stepTask = _debugger.OnStepStartingAsync(step.Object);
-
-                    // Give the step time to pause
-                    await Task.Delay(50);
-
-                    // Cancel the job — should release the step pause
-                    cts.Cancel();
-                    await stepTask;
-
-                    // In the real runner, OnJobCompletedAsync always follows.
-                    await _debugger.OnJobCompletedAsync();
-                    Assert.Equal(DapSessionState.Terminated, _debugger.State);
+                    Seq = 1,
+                    Type = "request",
+                    Command = "configurationDone"
                 });
+                await waitTask;
+
+                // Simulate a step starting (which pauses)
+                var step = new Mock<IStep>();
+                step.Setup(s => s.DisplayName).Returns("Test Step");
+                step.Setup(s => s.ExecutionContext).Returns((IExecutionContext)null);
+                var stepTask = _debugger.OnStepStartingAsync(step.Object);
+
+                // Give the step time to pause
+                await Task.Delay(50);
+
+                // Cancel the job — should release the step pause
+                cts.Cancel();
+                await stepTask;
+
+                // In the real runner, OnJobCompletedAsync always follows.
+                await _debugger.OnJobCompletedAsync();
+                Assert.Equal(DapSessionState.Terminated, _debugger.State);
             }
         }
 
@@ -558,13 +535,10 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
 
                 // Start then immediate stop (no connection, no WaitUntilReady)
                 var port = GetFreePort();
-                await WithEnvironmentVariableAsync(PortEnvironmentVariable, port.ToString(), async () =>
-                {
-                    using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
-                    var jobContext = CreateJobContext(cts.Token);
-                    await _debugger.StartAsync(jobContext.Object);
-                    await _debugger.StopAsync();
-                });
+                using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
+                var jobContext = CreateJobContextWithTunnel(cts.Token, port);
+                await _debugger.StartAsync(jobContext.Object);
+                await _debugger.StopAsync();
 
                 // StopAsync after already stopped
                 await _debugger.StopAsync();
@@ -579,36 +553,86 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
             using (CreateTestContext())
             {
                 var port = GetFreePort();
-                await WithEnvironmentVariableAsync(PortEnvironmentVariable, port.ToString(), async () =>
+                using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
+                var jobContext = CreateJobContextWithTunnel(cts.Token, port);
+                await _debugger.StartAsync(jobContext.Object);
+
+                var waitTask = _debugger.WaitUntilReadyAsync();
+                using var client = await ConnectClientAsync(port);
+                var stream = client.GetStream();
+                await SendRequestAsync(stream, new Request
                 {
-                    using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
-                    var jobContext = CreateJobContext(cts.Token);
-                    await _debugger.StartAsync(jobContext.Object);
+                    Seq = 1,
+                    Type = "request",
+                    Command = "configurationDone"
+                });
 
-                    var waitTask = _debugger.WaitUntilReadyAsync();
-                    using var client = await ConnectClientAsync(port);
-                    var stream = client.GetStream();
-                    await SendRequestAsync(stream, new Request
-                    {
-                        Seq = 1,
-                        Type = "request",
-                        Command = "configurationDone"
-                    });
+                // Read the configurationDone response
+                await ReadDapMessageAsync(stream, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
+                await waitTask;
 
-                    // Read the configurationDone response
-                    await ReadDapMessageAsync(stream, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
-                    await waitTask;
+                // Complete the job — events are sent via OnJobCompletedAsync
+                await _debugger.OnJobCompletedAsync();
 
-                    // Complete the job — events are sent via OnJobCompletedAsync
-                    await _debugger.OnJobCompletedAsync();
+                var msg1 = await ReadDapMessageAsync(stream, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
+                var msg2 = await ReadDapMessageAsync(stream, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
 
-                    var msg1 = await ReadDapMessageAsync(stream, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
-                    var msg2 = await ReadDapMessageAsync(stream, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
+                // Both events should arrive (order may vary)
+                var combined = msg1 + msg2;
+                Assert.Contains("\"event\":\"terminated\"", combined);
+                Assert.Contains("\"event\":\"exited\"", combined);
+            }
+        }
 
-                    // Both events should arrive (order may vary)
-                    var combined = msg1 + msg2;
-                    Assert.Contains("\"event\":\"terminated\"", combined);
-                    Assert.Contains("\"event\":\"exited\"", combined);
+        [Fact]
+        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
+        [Trait("Category", "Worker")]
+        public void ResolveTunnelConnectTimeoutReturnsDefaultWhenNoVariable()
+        {
+            using (CreateTestContext())
+            {
+                Assert.Equal(30, _debugger.ResolveTunnelConnectTimeout());
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
+        [Trait("Category", "Worker")]
+        public void ResolveTunnelConnectTimeoutUsesCustomValue()
+        {
+            using (CreateTestContext())
+            {
+                WithEnvironmentVariable(TunnelConnectTimeoutVariable, "60", () =>
+                {
+                    Assert.Equal(60, _debugger.ResolveTunnelConnectTimeout());
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
+        [Trait("Category", "Worker")]
+        public void ResolveTunnelConnectTimeoutIgnoresInvalidValue()
+        {
+            using (CreateTestContext())
+            {
+                WithEnvironmentVariable(TunnelConnectTimeoutVariable, "not-a-number", () =>
+                {
+                    Assert.Equal(30, _debugger.ResolveTunnelConnectTimeout());
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
+        [Trait("Category", "Worker")]
+        public void ResolveTunnelConnectTimeoutIgnoresZeroValue()
+        {
+            using (CreateTestContext())
+            {
+                WithEnvironmentVariable(TunnelConnectTimeoutVariable, "0", () =>
+                {
+                    Assert.Equal(30, _debugger.ResolveTunnelConnectTimeout());
                 });
             }
         }

src/Test/L0/Worker/ExecutionContextL0.cs

@@ -1203,19 +1203,19 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
             }
         }
 
-        // TODO: this test can be deleted when `AddCheckRunIdToJobContext` is fully rolled out
+        // AddCheckRunIdToJobContext is now permanently enabled server-side (hardcoded to "true"
+        // in acquirejobhandler.go). The runner always copies ContextData["job"] entries, so the
+        // flag-disabled test is no longer applicable. Replaced with a test that verifies
+        // check_run_id is always hydrated regardless of the flag value.
         [Fact]
         [Trait("Level", "L0")]
         [Trait("Category", "Worker")]
-        public void InitializeJob_HydratesJobContextWithCheckRunId_FeatureFlagDisabled()
+        public void InitializeJob_HydratesJobContextWithCheckRunId_AlwaysCopied()
         {
             using (TestHostContext hc = CreateTestContext())
             {
-                // Arrange: Create a job request message and make sure the feature flag is disabled
-                var variables = new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>()
-                {
-                    [Constants.Runner.Features.AddCheckRunIdToJobContext] = new VariableValue("false"),
-                };
+                // Arrange: No feature flag set at all
+                var variables = new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>();
                 var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(new TaskOrchestrationPlanReference(), new TimelineReference(), Guid.NewGuid(), "some job name", "some job name", null, null, null, variables, new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null, null);
                 var pagingLogger = new Moq.Mock<IPagingLogger>();
                 var jobServerQueue = new Moq.Mock<IJobServerQueue>();
@@ -1233,9 +1233,80 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
                 // Act
                 ec.InitializeJob(jobRequest, CancellationToken.None);
 
-                // Assert
+                // Assert: check_run_id is always copied regardless of flag
                 Assert.NotNull(ec.JobContext);
-                Assert.Null(ec.JobContext.CheckRunId); // with the feature flag disabled we should not have added a CheckRunId to the JobContext
+                Assert.Equal(123456, ec.JobContext.CheckRunId);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
+        [Trait("Category", "Worker")]
+        public void InitializeJob_HydratesJobContextWithWorkflowIdentity()
+        {
+            using (TestHostContext hc = CreateTestContext())
+            {
+                // Arrange
+                var variables = new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>();
+                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(new TaskOrchestrationPlanReference(), new TimelineReference(), Guid.NewGuid(), "some job name", "some job name", null, null, null, variables, new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null, null);
+                var pagingLogger = new Moq.Mock<IPagingLogger>();
+                var jobServerQueue = new Moq.Mock<IJobServerQueue>();
+                hc.EnqueueInstance(pagingLogger.Object);
+                hc.SetSingleton(jobServerQueue.Object);
+                var ec = new Runner.Worker.ExecutionContext();
+                ec.Initialize(hc);
+
+                // Arrange: Server sends all 4 workflow identity fields
+                var jobContext = new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData();
+                jobContext["workflow_ref"] = new StringContextData("my-org/my-repo/.github/workflows/reusable.yml@refs/heads/main");
+                jobContext["workflow_sha"] = new StringContextData("abc123def456");
+                jobContext["workflow_repository"] = new StringContextData("my-org/my-repo");
+                jobContext["workflow_file_path"] = new StringContextData(".github/workflows/reusable.yml");
+                jobRequest.ContextData["job"] = jobContext;
+                jobRequest.ContextData["github"] = new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData();
+
+                // Act
+                ec.InitializeJob(jobRequest, CancellationToken.None);
+
+                // Assert: all properties hydrated from server
+                Assert.NotNull(ec.JobContext);
+                Assert.Equal("my-org/my-repo/.github/workflows/reusable.yml@refs/heads/main", ec.JobContext.WorkflowRef);
+                Assert.Equal("abc123def456", ec.JobContext.WorkflowSha);
+                Assert.Equal("my-org/my-repo", ec.JobContext.WorkflowRepository);
+                Assert.Equal(".github/workflows/reusable.yml", ec.JobContext.WorkflowFilePath);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
+        [Trait("Category", "Worker")]
+        public void InitializeJob_WorkflowIdentityNotSet_WhenServerSendsNoData()
+        {
+            using (TestHostContext hc = CreateTestContext())
+            {
+                // Arrange: Server sends no workflow identity in job context
+                var variables = new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>();
+                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(new TaskOrchestrationPlanReference(), new TimelineReference(), Guid.NewGuid(), "some job name", "some job name", null, null, null, variables, new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null, null);
+                var pagingLogger = new Moq.Mock<IPagingLogger>();
+                var jobServerQueue = new Moq.Mock<IJobServerQueue>();
+                hc.EnqueueInstance(pagingLogger.Object);
+                hc.SetSingleton(jobServerQueue.Object);
+                var ec = new Runner.Worker.ExecutionContext();
+                ec.Initialize(hc);
+
+                // Arrange: empty job context
+                jobRequest.ContextData["job"] = new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData();
+                jobRequest.ContextData["github"] = new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData();
+
+                // Act
+                ec.InitializeJob(jobRequest, CancellationToken.None);
+
+                // Assert: no workflow identity
+                Assert.NotNull(ec.JobContext);
+                Assert.Null(ec.JobContext.WorkflowRef);
+                Assert.Null(ec.JobContext.WorkflowSha);
+                Assert.Null(ec.JobContext.WorkflowRepository);
+                Assert.Null(ec.JobContext.WorkflowFilePath);
             }
         }
 

src/Test/L0/Worker/JobContextL0.cs

@@ -34,5 +34,109 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
             ctx.CheckRunId = null;
             Assert.Null(ctx.CheckRunId);
         }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WorkflowRef_SetAndGet_WorksCorrectly()
+        {
+            var ctx = new JobContext();
+            ctx.WorkflowRef = "owner/repo/.github/workflows/ci.yml@refs/heads/main";
+            Assert.Equal("owner/repo/.github/workflows/ci.yml@refs/heads/main", ctx.WorkflowRef);
+            Assert.True(ctx.TryGetValue("workflow_ref", out var value));
+            Assert.IsType<StringContextData>(value);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WorkflowRef_NotSet_ReturnsNull()
+        {
+            var ctx = new JobContext();
+            Assert.Null(ctx.WorkflowRef);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WorkflowRef_SetNull_ClearsValue()
+        {
+            var ctx = new JobContext();
+            ctx.WorkflowRef = "owner/repo/.github/workflows/ci.yml@refs/heads/main";
+            ctx.WorkflowRef = null;
+            Assert.Null(ctx.WorkflowRef);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WorkflowSha_SetAndGet_WorksCorrectly()
+        {
+            var ctx = new JobContext();
+            ctx.WorkflowSha = "abc123def456";
+            Assert.Equal("abc123def456", ctx.WorkflowSha);
+            Assert.True(ctx.TryGetValue("workflow_sha", out var value));
+            Assert.IsType<StringContextData>(value);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WorkflowSha_NotSet_ReturnsNull()
+        {
+            var ctx = new JobContext();
+            Assert.Null(ctx.WorkflowSha);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WorkflowSha_SetNull_ClearsValue()
+        {
+            var ctx = new JobContext();
+            ctx.WorkflowSha = "abc123def456";
+            ctx.WorkflowSha = null;
+            Assert.Null(ctx.WorkflowSha);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WorkflowRepository_SetAndGet_WorksCorrectly()
+        {
+            var ctx = new JobContext();
+            ctx.WorkflowRepository = "owner/repo";
+            Assert.Equal("owner/repo", ctx.WorkflowRepository);
+            Assert.True(ctx.TryGetValue("workflow_repository", out var value));
+            Assert.IsType<StringContextData>(value);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WorkflowRepository_NotSet_ReturnsNull()
+        {
+            var ctx = new JobContext();
+            Assert.Null(ctx.WorkflowRepository);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WorkflowRepository_SetNull_ClearsValue()
+        {
+            var ctx = new JobContext();
+            ctx.WorkflowRepository = "owner/repo";
+            ctx.WorkflowRepository = null;
+            Assert.Null(ctx.WorkflowRepository);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WorkflowFilePath_SetAndGet_WorksCorrectly()
+        {
+            var ctx = new JobContext();
+            ctx.WorkflowFilePath = ".github/workflows/ci.yml";
+            Assert.Equal(".github/workflows/ci.yml", ctx.WorkflowFilePath);
+            Assert.True(ctx.TryGetValue("workflow_file_path", out var value));
+            Assert.IsType<StringContextData>(value);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WorkflowFilePath_NotSet_ReturnsNull()
+        {
+            var ctx = new JobContext();
+            Assert.Null(ctx.WorkflowFilePath);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WorkflowFilePath_SetNull_ClearsValue()
+        {
+            var ctx = new JobContext();
+            ctx.WorkflowFilePath = ".github/workflows/ci.yml";
+            ctx.WorkflowFilePath = null;
+            Assert.Null(ctx.WorkflowFilePath);
+        }
     }
 }