Update releaseVersion to 2.318.0

* Update Docker to v27.1.1

* Update Dockerfile

.devcontainer/devcontainer.json

@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@
   "features": {
     "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/docker-in-docker:1": {},
     "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/dotnet": {
-      "version": "6.0.418"
+      "version": "8.0.303"
     },
     "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/node:1": {
       "version": "16"
     },
     "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/sshd:1": {
-        "version": "latest"
+      "version": "latest"
     }
   },
   "customizations": {

.github/workflows/publish-image.yml

@@ -25,10 +25,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: Compute image version
         id: image
         uses: actions/github-script@v6
+        env:
+          RUNNER_VERSION: ${{ github.event.inputs.runnerVersion }}
         with:
           script: |
             const fs = require('fs');
-            const inputRunnerVersion = "${{ github.event.inputs.runnerVersion }}"
+            const inputRunnerVersion = process.env.RUNNER_VERSION;
             if (inputRunnerVersion) {
               console.log(`Using input runner version ${inputRunnerVersion}`)
               core.setOutput('version', inputRunnerVersion);

.gitignore

@@ -26,4 +26,5 @@ _dotnetsdk
 TestResults
 TestLogs
 .DS_Store
+.mono
 **/*.DotSettings.user

docs/start/envlinux.md

@@ -4,16 +4,7 @@
 
 ## Supported Distributions and Versions
 
-x64
-  - Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7+
-  - CentOS 7+
-  - Oracle Linux 7+
-  - Fedora 29+
-  - Debian 9+
-  - Ubuntu 16.04+
-  - Linux Mint 18+
-  - openSUSE 15+
-  - SUSE Enterprise Linux (SLES) 12 SP2+
+Please see "[Supported architectures and operating systems for self-hosted runners](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/hosting-your-own-runners/managing-self-hosted-runners/about-self-hosted-runners#linux)."
 
 ## Install .Net Core 3.x Linux Dependencies
 

docs/start/envosx.md

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 ## Supported Versions
 
-  - macOS High Sierra (10.13) and later versions
-  - x64 and arm64 (Apple Silicon)
+Please see "[Supported architectures and operating systems for self-hosted runners](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/hosting-your-own-runners/managing-self-hosted-runners/about-self-hosted-runners#macos)."
 
 ## [More .Net Core Prerequisites Information](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/macos-prerequisites?tabs=netcore30)

docs/start/envwin.md

@@ -2,11 +2,6 @@
 
 ## Supported Versions
 
- - Windows 7 64-bit
- - Windows 8.1 64-bit
- - Windows 10 64-bit
- - Windows Server 2012 R2 64-bit
- - Windows Server 2016 64-bit
- - Windows Server 2019 64-bit
+Please see "[Supported architectures and operating systems for self-hosted runners](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/hosting-your-own-runners/managing-self-hosted-runners/about-self-hosted-runners#windows)."
 
 ## [More .NET Core Prerequisites Information](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/windows-prerequisites?tabs=netcore30)

images/Dockerfile

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/runtime-deps:6.0-jammy as build
 ARG TARGETOS
 ARG TARGETARCH
 ARG RUNNER_VERSION
-ARG RUNNER_CONTAINER_HOOKS_VERSION=0.5.1
-ARG DOCKER_VERSION=25.0.2
-ARG BUILDX_VERSION=0.12.1
+ARG RUNNER_CONTAINER_HOOKS_VERSION=0.6.1
+ARG DOCKER_VERSION=27.1.1
+ARG BUILDX_VERSION=0.16.2
 
 RUN apt update -y && apt install curl unzip -y
 
@@ -39,12 +39,15 @@ ENV RUNNER_MANUALLY_TRAP_SIG=1
 ENV ACTIONS_RUNNER_PRINT_LOG_TO_STDOUT=1
 ENV ImageOS=ubuntu22
 
-RUN apt-get update -y \
-    && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
-    sudo \
-    lsb-release \
+# 'gpg-agent' and 'software-properties-common' are needed for the 'add-apt-repository' command that follows
+RUN apt update -y \
+    && apt install -y --no-install-recommends sudo lsb-release gpg-agent software-properties-common \
     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
+# Configure git-core/ppa based on guidance here:  https://git-scm.com/download/linux
+RUN add-apt-repository ppa:git-core/ppa \
+    && apt update -y
+
 RUN adduser --disabled-password --gecos "" --uid 1001 runner \
     && groupadd docker --gid 123 \
     && usermod -aG sudo runner \

releaseNote.md

@@ -1,40 +1,30 @@
 ## What's Changed
-* Bump docker and buildx to the latest version by @diogotorres97 in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3100
-* Revert "Bump container hook version to 0.5.0 in runner image (#3003)" by @TingluoHuang in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3101
-* Make embedded timeline record has same order as its parent record. by @TingluoHuang in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3113
-* Fix release workflow. by @TingluoHuang in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3102
-* Add user-agent to all http clients using RawClientHttpRequestSettings. by @TingluoHuang in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3115
-* Fix JobDispatcher crash during force cancellation. by @TingluoHuang in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3118
-* Implement Broker Redirects for Session and Messages by @luketomlinson in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3103
-* Only keep 1 older version runner around after self-upgrade. by @TingluoHuang in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3122
-* Upgrade `docker` from `24.0.7` to `24.0.8` by @MPV in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3124
-* Upload the diagnostic logs to the Results Service by @jtamsut in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3114
-* Upgrade `docker` from `24.0.8` to `24.0.9` by @MPV in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3126
-* Make sure to drain the upload queue before clean temp directory by @yacaovsnc in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3125
-* Specify `Content-Type` for BlockBlob upload by @bethanyj28 in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3119
-* Improve error report for invalid action.yml by @jsoref in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3106
-* Add sshd to .devcontainer.json by @pje in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3079
-* Resolve CVE-2024-21626 by @luka5 in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3123
-* Handle ForceTokenRefresh message by @luketomlinson in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3133
-* Bump hook version to 0.5.1 by @nikola-jokic in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3129
 
-## New Contributors
-* @diogotorres97 made their first contribution in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3100
-* @MPV made their first contribution in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3124
-* @jtamsut made their first contribution in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3114
-* @luka5 made their first contribution in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3123
+- Update Docker to v27.1.1 by @TingluoHuang in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3401
+- Upgrade dotnet sdk to v8.0.303 in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3388
+- Rephrase node20 warning by @rentziass in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3376
+- Bump hook version to 0.6.1 by @nikola-jokic in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3350
+- Backoff to avoid excessive retries to Run Service in a duration by @ericsciple in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3354
+- Bump System.Security.Cryptography.Pkcs from 5.0.0 to 8.0.0 in /src in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3347
+- Upgrade dotnet sdk to v8.0.302 in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3346
+- Bump runner to dotnet 8 by @TingluoHuang in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3345
+- Pass runner version as environment variable in workflow by @joshmgross in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3318
+- Make sure we mask secrets when reporting telemetry by @TingluoHuang in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3315
+- Bump docker version and docker buildx version by @int128 in https://github.com/actions/runner/pull/3277
 
-**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/actions/runner/compare/v2.312.0...v2.313.0
+**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/actions/runner/compare/v2.317.0...v2.318.0
 
 _Note: Actions Runner follows a progressive release policy, so the latest release might not be available to your enterprise, organization, or repository yet.
 To confirm which version of the Actions Runner you should expect, please view the download instructions for your enterprise, organization, or repository.
 See https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-cloud@latest/actions/hosting-your-own-runners/adding-self-hosted-runners_
 
 ## Windows x64
+
 We recommend configuring the runner in a root folder of the Windows drive (e.g. "C:\actions-runner"). This will help avoid issues related to service identity folder permissions and long file path restrictions on Windows.
 
 The following snipped needs to be run on `powershell`:
-``` powershell
+
+```powershell
 # Create a folder under the drive root
 mkdir \actions-runner ; cd \actions-runner
 # Download the latest runner package
@@ -45,12 +35,14 @@ Add-Type -AssemblyName System.IO.Compression.FileSystem ;
 ```
 
 ## [Pre-release] Windows arm64
+
 **Warning:** Windows arm64 runners are currently in preview status and use [unofficial versions of nodejs](https://unofficial-builds.nodejs.org/). They are not intended for production workflows.
 
 We recommend configuring the runner in a root folder of the Windows drive (e.g. "C:\actions-runner"). This will help avoid issues related to service identity folder permissions and long file path restrictions on Windows.
 
 The following snipped needs to be run on `powershell`:
-``` powershell
+
+```powershell
 # Create a folder under the drive root
 mkdir \actions-runner ; cd \actions-runner
 # Download the latest runner package
@@ -62,7 +54,7 @@ Add-Type -AssemblyName System.IO.Compression.FileSystem ;
 
 ## OSX x64
 
-``` bash
+```bash
 # Create a folder
 mkdir actions-runner && cd actions-runner
 # Download the latest runner package
@@ -73,7 +65,7 @@ tar xzf ./actions-runner-osx-x64-<RUNNER_VERSION>.tar.gz
 
 ## OSX arm64 (Apple silicon)
 
-``` bash
+```bash
 # Create a folder
 mkdir actions-runner && cd actions-runner
 # Download the latest runner package
@@ -84,7 +76,7 @@ tar xzf ./actions-runner-osx-arm64-<RUNNER_VERSION>.tar.gz
 
 ## Linux x64
 
-``` bash
+```bash
 # Create a folder
 mkdir actions-runner && cd actions-runner
 # Download the latest runner package
@@ -95,7 +87,7 @@ tar xzf ./actions-runner-linux-x64-<RUNNER_VERSION>.tar.gz
 
 ## Linux arm64
 
-``` bash
+```bash
 # Create a folder
 mkdir actions-runner && cd actions-runner
 # Download the latest runner package
@@ -106,7 +98,7 @@ tar xzf ./actions-runner-linux-arm64-<RUNNER_VERSION>.tar.gz
 
 ## Linux arm
 
-``` bash
+```bash
 # Create a folder
 mkdir actions-runner && cd actions-runner
 # Download the latest runner package
@@ -116,6 +108,7 @@ tar xzf ./actions-runner-linux-arm-<RUNNER_VERSION>.tar.gz
 ```
 
 ## Using your self hosted runner
+
 For additional details about configuring, running, or shutting down the runner please check out our [product docs.](https://help.github.com/en/actions/automating-your-workflow-with-github-actions/adding-self-hosted-runners)
 
 ## SHA-256 Checksums

releaseVersion

@@ -1 +1 @@
-<Update to ./src/runnerversion when creating release>
+2.318.0

src/Misc/contentHash/dotnetRuntime/linux-arm

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-54d95a44d118dba852395991224a6b9c1abe916858c87138656f80c619e85331

src/Misc/contentHash/dotnetRuntime/linux-arm64

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-68015af17f06a824fa478e62ae7393766ce627fd5599ab916432a14656a19a52

src/Misc/contentHash/dotnetRuntime/linux-x64

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-a2628119ca419cb54e279103ffae7986cdbd0814d57c73ff0dc74c38be08b9ae

src/Misc/contentHash/dotnetRuntime/osx-arm64

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-de71ca09ead807e1a2ce9df0a5b23eb7690cb71fff51169a77e4c3992be53dda

src/Misc/contentHash/dotnetRuntime/osx-x64

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-d009e05e6b26d614d65be736a15d1bd151932121c16a9ff1b986deadecc982b9

src/Misc/contentHash/dotnetRuntime/win-arm64

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-f730db39c2305800b4653795360ba9c10c68f384a46b85d808f1f9f0ed3c42e4

src/Misc/contentHash/dotnetRuntime/win-x64

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-a35b5722375490e9473cdcccb5e18b41eba3dbf4344fe31abc9821e21f18ea5a

src/Misc/contentHash/externals/linux-arm

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-4bf3e1af0d482af1b2eaf9f08250248a8c1aea8ec20a3c5be116d58cdd930009

src/Misc/contentHash/externals/linux-arm64

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-ec1719a8cb4d8687328aa64f4aa7c4e3498a715d8939117874782e3e6e63a14b

src/Misc/contentHash/externals/linux-x64

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-50538de29f173bb73f708c4ed2c8328a62b8795829b97b2a6cb57197e2305287

src/Misc/contentHash/externals/osx-arm64

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-a0a96cbb7593643b69e669bf14d7b29b7f27800b3a00bb3305aebe041456c701

src/Misc/contentHash/externals/osx-x64

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-6255b22692779467047ecebd60ad46984866d75cdfe10421d593a7b51d620b09

src/Misc/contentHash/externals/win-arm64

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-6ff1abd055dc35bfbf06f75c2f08908f660346f66ad1d8f81c910068e9ba029d

src/Misc/contentHash/externals/win-x64

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-433a6d748742d12abd20dc2a79b62ac3d9718ae47ef26f8e84dc8c180eea3659

src/Misc/externals.sh

@@ -5,10 +5,11 @@ PRECACHE=$2
 NODE_URL=https://nodejs.org/dist
 UNOFFICIAL_NODE_URL=https://unofficial-builds.nodejs.org/download/release
 NODE_ALPINE_URL=https://github.com/actions/alpine_nodejs/releases/download
+# When you update Node versions you must also create a new release of alpine_nodejs at that updated version.
+# Follow the instructions here: https://github.com/actions/alpine_nodejs?tab=readme-ov-file#getting-started
 NODE16_VERSION="16.20.2"
-NODE20_VERSION="20.8.1"
-# used only for win-arm64, remove node16 unofficial version when official version is available
-NODE16_UNOFFICIAL_VERSION="16.20.0"
+NODE20_VERSION="20.13.1"
+NODE16_UNOFFICIAL_VERSION="16.20.0" # used only for win-arm64, remove node16 unofficial version when official version is available
 
 get_abs_path() {
   # exploits the fact that pwd will print abs path when no args

src/Misc/layoutbin/RunnerService.js

@@ -114,6 +114,11 @@ var runService = function () {
             );
             stopping = true;
           }
+        } else if (code === 5) {
+          console.log(
+            "Runner listener exit with Session Conflict error, stop the service, no retry needed."
+          );
+          stopping = true;
         } else {
           var messagePrefix = "Runner listener exit with undefined return code";
           unknownFailureRetryCount++;

src/Misc/layoutroot/run-helper.cmd.template

@@ -49,5 +49,10 @@ if %ERRORLEVEL% EQU 4 (
   exit /b 1
 )
 
+if %ERRORLEVEL% EQU 5 (
+  echo "Runner listener exit with Session Conflict error, stop the service, no retry needed."
+  exit /b 0
+)
+
 echo "Exiting after unknown error code: %ERRORLEVEL%"
 exit /b 0

src/Misc/layoutroot/run-helper.sh.template

@@ -70,6 +70,9 @@ elif [[ $returnCode == 4 ]]; then
         "$DIR"/safe_sleep.sh 1
     done
     exit 2
+elif [[ $returnCode == 5 ]]; then
+    echo "Runner listener exit with Session Conflict error, stop the service, no retry needed."
+    exit 0
 else
     echo "Exiting with unknown error code: ${returnCode}"
     exit 0

src/Misc/layoutroot/run.sh

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ runWithManualTrap() {
         cp -f "$DIR"/run-helper.sh.template "$DIR"/run-helper.sh
         "$DIR"/run-helper.sh $* &
         PID=$!
-        wait -f $PID
+        wait $PID
         returnCode=$?
         if [[ $returnCode -eq 2 ]]; then
             echo "Restarting runner..."

src/Runner.Common/ActionsRunServer.cs

@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common
     {
         private bool _hasConnection;
         private VssConnection _connection;
-        private TaskAgentHttpClient _taskAgentClient;
+        private ActionsRunServerHttpClient _actionsRunServerClient;
 
         public async Task ConnectAsync(Uri serverUrl, VssCredentials credentials)
         {
             _connection = await EstablishVssConnection(serverUrl, credentials, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(100));
-            _taskAgentClient = _connection.GetClient<TaskAgentHttpClient>();
+            _actionsRunServerClient = _connection.GetClient<ActionsRunServerHttpClient>();
             _hasConnection = true;
         }
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common
             CheckConnection();
             var jobMessage = RetryRequest<AgentJobRequestMessage>(async () =>
                                                     {
-                                                        return await _taskAgentClient.GetJobMessageAsync(id, cancellationToken);
+                                                        return await _actionsRunServerClient.GetJobMessageAsync(id, cancellationToken);
                                                     }, cancellationToken);
 
             return jobMessage;

src/Runner.Common/BrokerServer.cs

@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common
         Task DeleteSessionAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken);
 
         Task<TaskAgentMessage> GetRunnerMessageAsync(Guid? sessionId, TaskAgentStatus status, string version, string os, string architecture, bool disableUpdate, CancellationToken token);
+
+        Task UpdateConnectionIfNeeded(Uri serverUri, VssCredentials credentials);
+
+        Task ForceRefreshConnection(VssCredentials credentials);
     }
 
     public sealed class BrokerServer : RunnerService, IBrokerServer
@@ -59,7 +63,8 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common
         {
             CheckConnection();
             var brokerSession = RetryRequest<TaskAgentMessage>(
-                async () => await _brokerHttpClient.GetRunnerMessageAsync(sessionId, version, status, os, architecture, disableUpdate, cancellationToken), cancellationToken);
+                async () => await _brokerHttpClient.GetRunnerMessageAsync(sessionId, version, status, os, architecture, disableUpdate, cancellationToken), cancellationToken, shouldRetry: ShouldRetryException);
+
 
             return brokerSession;
         }
@@ -69,5 +74,30 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common
             CheckConnection();
             await _brokerHttpClient.DeleteSessionAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
+
+        public Task UpdateConnectionIfNeeded(Uri serverUri, VssCredentials credentials)
+        {
+            if (_brokerUri != serverUri || !_hasConnection)
+            {
+                return ConnectAsync(serverUri, credentials);
+            }
+
+            return Task.CompletedTask;
+        }
+
+        public Task ForceRefreshConnection(VssCredentials credentials)
+        {
+            return ConnectAsync(_brokerUri, credentials);
+        }
+
+        public bool ShouldRetryException(Exception ex)
+        {
+            if (ex is AccessDeniedException ade && ade.ErrorCode == 1)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
     }
 }

src/Runner.Common/Constants.cs

@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common
                 public const int RetryableError = 2;
                 public const int RunnerUpdating = 3;
                 public const int RunOnceRunnerUpdating = 4;
+                public const int SessionConflict = 5;
             }
 
             public static class Features
@@ -180,6 +181,9 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common
             public static readonly string DeprecatedNodeVersion = "node16";
             public static readonly string EnforcedNode12DetectedAfterEndOfLife = "The following actions uses node12 which is deprecated and will be forced to run on node16: {0}. For more info: https://github.blog/changelog/2023-06-13-github-actions-all-actions-will-run-on-node16-instead-of-node12-by-default/";
             public static readonly string EnforcedNode12DetectedAfterEndOfLifeEnvVariable = "Node16ForceActionsWarnings";
+            public static readonly string EnforcedNode16DetectedAfterEndOfLife = "The following actions use a deprecated Node.js version and will be forced to run on node20: {0}. For more info: https://github.blog/changelog/2024-03-07-github-actions-all-actions-will-run-on-node20-instead-of-node16-by-default/";
+            public static readonly string EnforcedNode16DetectedAfterEndOfLifeEnvVariable = "Node20ForceActionsWarnings";
+
         }
 
         public static class RunnerEvent
@@ -251,6 +255,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common
                 public static readonly string RunnerDebug = "ACTIONS_RUNNER_DEBUG";
                 public static readonly string StepDebug = "ACTIONS_STEP_DEBUG";
                 public static readonly string AllowActionsUseUnsecureNodeVersion = "ACTIONS_ALLOW_USE_UNSECURE_NODE_VERSION";
+                public static readonly string ManualForceActionsToNode20 = "FORCE_JAVASCRIPT_ACTIONS_TO_NODE20";
             }
 
             public static class Agent
@@ -262,6 +267,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common
                 public static readonly string ForcedActionsNodeVersion = "ACTIONS_RUNNER_FORCE_ACTIONS_NODE_VERSION";
                 public static readonly string PrintLogToStdout = "ACTIONS_RUNNER_PRINT_LOG_TO_STDOUT";
                 public static readonly string ActionArchiveCacheDirectory = "ACTIONS_RUNNER_ACTION_ARCHIVE_CACHE";
+                public static readonly string ManualForceActionsToNode20 = "FORCE_JAVASCRIPT_ACTIONS_TO_NODE20";
             }
 
             public static class System

src/Runner.Common/JobServerQueue.cs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common
         TaskCompletionSource<int> JobRecordUpdated { get; }
         event EventHandler<ThrottlingEventArgs> JobServerQueueThrottling;
         Task ShutdownAsync();
-        void Start(Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage jobRequest, bool resultsServiceOnly = false, bool enableTelemetry = false);
+        void Start(Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage jobRequest, bool resultsServiceOnly = false);
         void QueueWebConsoleLine(Guid stepRecordId, string line, long? lineNumber = null);
         void QueueFileUpload(Guid timelineId, Guid timelineRecordId, string type, string name, string path, bool deleteSource);
         void QueueResultsUpload(Guid timelineRecordId, string name, string path, string type, bool deleteSource, bool finalize, bool firstBlock, long totalLines);
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common
         private readonly List<JobTelemetry> _jobTelemetries = new();
         private bool _queueInProcess = false;
         private bool _resultsServiceOnly = false;
+        private int _resultsServiceExceptionsCount = 0;
         private Stopwatch _resultsUploadTimer = new();
         private Stopwatch _actionsUploadTimer = new();
 
@@ -104,11 +105,10 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common
             _resultsServer = hostContext.GetService<IResultsServer>();
         }
 
-        public void Start(Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage jobRequest, bool resultsServiceOnly = false, bool enableTelemetry = false)
+        public void Start(Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage jobRequest, bool resultsServiceOnly = false)
         {
             Trace.Entering();
             _resultsServiceOnly = resultsServiceOnly;
-            _enableTelemetry = enableTelemetry;
 
             var serviceEndPoint = jobRequest.Resources.Endpoints.Single(x => string.Equals(x.Name, WellKnownServiceEndpointNames.SystemVssConnection, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
 
@@ -139,6 +139,12 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common
                 _resultsClientInitiated = true;
             }
 
+            // Enable telemetry if we have both results service and actions service
+            if (_resultsClientInitiated && !_resultsServiceOnly)
+            {
+                _enableTelemetry = true;
+            }
+
             if (_queueInProcess)
             {
                 Trace.Info("No-opt, all queue process tasks are running.");
@@ -574,9 +580,9 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common
                             Trace.Info("Catch exception during file upload to results, keep going since the process is best effort.");
                             Trace.Error(ex);
                             errorCount++;
-
+                            _resultsServiceExceptionsCount++;
                             // If we hit any exceptions uploading to Results, let's skip any additional uploads to Results unless Results is serving logs
-                            if (!_resultsServiceOnly)
+                            if (!_resultsServiceOnly && _resultsServiceExceptionsCount > 3)
                             {
                                 _resultsClientInitiated = false;
                                 SendResultsTelemetry(ex);
@@ -607,7 +613,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common
 
         private void SendResultsTelemetry(Exception ex)
         {
-            var issue = new Issue() { Type = IssueType.Warning, Message = $"Caught exception with results. {ex.Message}" };
+            var issue = new Issue() { Type = IssueType.Warning, Message = $"Caught exception with results. {HostContext.SecretMasker.MaskSecrets(ex.Message)}" };
             issue.Data[Constants.Runner.InternalTelemetryIssueDataKey] = Constants.Runner.ResultsUploadFailure;
 
             var telemetryRecord = new TimelineRecord()
@@ -703,7 +709,9 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common
                             {
                                 Trace.Info("Catch exception during update steps, skip update Results.");
                                 Trace.Error(e);
-                                if (!_resultsServiceOnly)
+                                _resultsServiceExceptionsCount++;
+                                // If we hit any exceptions uploading to Results, let's skip any additional uploads to Results unless Results is serving logs
+                                if (!_resultsServiceOnly && _resultsServiceExceptionsCount > 3)
                                 {
                                     _resultsClientInitiated = false;
                                     SendResultsTelemetry(e);

src/Runner.Common/RunServer.cs

@@ -62,7 +62,10 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common
             CheckConnection();
             return RetryRequest<AgentJobRequestMessage>(
                 async () => await _runServiceHttpClient.GetJobMessageAsync(requestUri, id, VarUtil.OS, cancellationToken), cancellationToken,
-                shouldRetry: ex => ex is not TaskOrchestrationJobAlreadyAcquiredException);
+                shouldRetry: ex =>
+                    ex is not TaskOrchestrationJobNotFoundException &&          // HTTP status 404
+                    ex is not TaskOrchestrationJobAlreadyAcquiredException &&   // HTTP status 409
+                    ex is not TaskOrchestrationJobUnprocessableException);      // HTTP status 422
         }
 
         public Task CompleteJobAsync(

src/Runner.Common/Runner.Common.csproj

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
     <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
     <RuntimeIdentifiers>win-x64;win-x86;linux-x64;linux-arm64;linux-arm;osx-x64;osx-arm64;win-arm64</RuntimeIdentifiers>
     <TargetLatestRuntimePatch>true</TargetLatestRuntimePatch>
-    <NoWarn>NU1701;NU1603</NoWarn>
+    <NoWarn>NU1701;NU1603;SYSLIB0050;SYSLIB0051</NoWarn>
     <Version>$(Version)</Version>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Win32.Registry" Version="4.4.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Win32.Registry" Version="5.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Newtonsoft.Json" Version="13.0.3" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData" Version="4.4.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Text.Encoding.CodePages" Version="4.4.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Threading.Channels" Version="4.4.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData" Version="8.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.Text.Encoding.CodePages" Version="8.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.Threading.Channels" Version="8.0.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == 'Debug' ">

src/Runner.Listener/BrokerMessageListener.cs

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener
             _brokerServer = HostContext.GetService<IBrokerServer>();
         }
 
-        public async Task<Boolean> CreateSessionAsync(CancellationToken token)
+        public async Task<CreateSessionResult> CreateSessionAsync(CancellationToken token)
         {
             Trace.Entering();
 
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener
                         encounteringError = false;
                     }
 
-                    return true;
+                    return CreateSessionResult.Success;
                 }
                 catch (OperationCanceledException) when (token.IsCancellationRequested)
                 {
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener
                         if (string.Equals(vssOAuthEx.Error, "invalid_client", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                         {
                             _term.WriteError("Failed to create a session. The runner registration has been deleted from the server, please re-configure. Runner registrations are automatically deleted for runners that have not connected to the service recently.");
-                            return false;
+                            return CreateSessionResult.Failure;
                         }
 
                         // Check whether we get 401 because the runner registration already removed by the service.
@@ -134,14 +134,18 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener
                         if (string.Equals(authError, "invalid_client", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                         {
                             _term.WriteError("Failed to create a session. The runner registration has been deleted from the server, please re-configure. Runner registrations are automatically deleted for runners that have not connected to the service recently.");
-                            return false;
+                            return CreateSessionResult.Failure;
                         }
                     }
 
                     if (!IsSessionCreationExceptionRetriable(ex))
                     {
                         _term.WriteError($"Failed to create session. {ex.Message}");
-                        return false;
+                        if (ex is TaskAgentSessionConflictException)
+                        {
+                            return CreateSessionResult.SessionConflict;
+                        }
+                        return CreateSessionResult.Failure;
                     }
 
                     if (!encounteringError) //print the message only on the first error

src/Runner.Listener/Configuration/RSAEncryptedFileKeyManager.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #if OS_WINDOWS
+#pragma warning disable CA1416
 using System.IO;
 using System.Security.Cryptography;
 using System.Text;
@@ -84,4 +85,5 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener.Configuration
         }
     }
 }
+#pragma warning restore CA1416
 #endif

src/Runner.Listener/ErrorThrottler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+using System;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using GitHub.Runner.Common;
+using GitHub.Services.Common;
+
+namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener
+{
+    [ServiceLocator(Default = typeof(ErrorThrottler))]
+    public interface IErrorThrottler : IRunnerService
+    {
+        void Reset();
+        Task IncrementAndWaitAsync(CancellationToken token);
+    }
+
+    public sealed class ErrorThrottler : RunnerService, IErrorThrottler
+    {
+        internal static readonly TimeSpan MinBackoff = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1);
+        internal static readonly TimeSpan MaxBackoff = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1);
+        internal static readonly TimeSpan BackoffCoefficient = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1);
+        private int _count = 0;
+
+        public void Reset()
+        {
+            _count = 0;
+        }
+
+        public async Task IncrementAndWaitAsync(CancellationToken token)
+        {
+            if (++_count <= 1)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            TimeSpan backoff = BackoffTimerHelper.GetExponentialBackoff(
+                attempt: _count - 2, // 0-based attempt
+                minBackoff: MinBackoff,
+                maxBackoff: MaxBackoff,
+                deltaBackoff: BackoffCoefficient);
+            Trace.Warning($"Back off {backoff.TotalSeconds} seconds before next attempt. Current consecutive error count: {_count}");
+            await HostContext.Delay(backoff, token);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Runner.Listener/JobDispatcher.cs

@@ -546,13 +546,27 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener
                                     Trace.Info($"Return code {returnCode} indicate worker encounter an unhandled exception or app crash, attach worker stdout/stderr to JobRequest result.");
 
                                     var jobServer = await InitializeJobServerAsync(systemConnection);
-                                    await LogWorkerProcessUnhandledException(jobServer, message, detailInfo);
-
-                                    // Go ahead to finish the job with result 'Failed' if the STDERR from worker is System.IO.IOException, since it typically means we are running out of disk space.
-                                    if (detailInfo.Contains(typeof(System.IO.IOException).ToString(), StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                                    var unhandledExceptionIssue = new Issue() { Type = IssueType.Error, Message = detailInfo };
+                                    unhandledExceptionIssue.Data[Constants.Runner.InternalTelemetryIssueDataKey] = Constants.Runner.WorkerCrash;
+                                    switch (jobServer)
                                     {
-                                        Trace.Info($"Finish job with result 'Failed' due to IOException.");
-                                        await ForceFailJob(jobServer, message, detailInfo);
+                                        case IJobServer js:
+                                            {
+                                                await LogWorkerProcessUnhandledException(js, message, unhandledExceptionIssue);
+                                                // Go ahead to finish the job with result 'Failed' if the STDERR from worker is System.IO.IOException, since it typically means we are running out of disk space.
+                                                if (detailInfo.Contains(typeof(System.IO.IOException).ToString(), StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                                                {
+                                                    Trace.Info($"Finish job with result 'Failed' due to IOException.");
+                                                    await ForceFailJob(js, message);
+                                                }
+
+                                                break;
+                                            }
+                                        case IRunServer rs:
+                                            await ForceFailJob(rs, message, unhandledExceptionIssue);
+                                            break;
+                                        default:
+                                            throw new NotSupportedException($"JobServer type '{jobServer.GetType().Name}' is not supported.");
                                     }
                                 }
 
@@ -1131,86 +1145,65 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener
         }
 
         // log an error issue to job level timeline record
-        private async Task LogWorkerProcessUnhandledException(IRunnerService server, Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage message, string detailInfo)
+        private async Task LogWorkerProcessUnhandledException(IJobServer jobServer, Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage message, Issue issue)
         {
-            if (server is IJobServer jobServer)
+            try
             {
-                try
-                {
-                    var timeline = await jobServer.GetTimelineAsync(message.Plan.ScopeIdentifier, message.Plan.PlanType, message.Plan.PlanId, message.Timeline.Id, CancellationToken.None);
-                    ArgUtil.NotNull(timeline, nameof(timeline));
+                var timeline = await jobServer.GetTimelineAsync(message.Plan.ScopeIdentifier, message.Plan.PlanType, message.Plan.PlanId, message.Timeline.Id, CancellationToken.None);
+                ArgUtil.NotNull(timeline, nameof(timeline));
 
-                    TimelineRecord jobRecord = timeline.Records.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == message.JobId && x.RecordType == "Job");
-                    ArgUtil.NotNull(jobRecord, nameof(jobRecord));
+                TimelineRecord jobRecord = timeline.Records.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == message.JobId && x.RecordType == "Job");
+                ArgUtil.NotNull(jobRecord, nameof(jobRecord));
 
-                    var unhandledExceptionIssue = new Issue() { Type = IssueType.Error, Message = detailInfo };
-                    unhandledExceptionIssue.Data[Constants.Runner.InternalTelemetryIssueDataKey] = Constants.Runner.WorkerCrash;
-                    jobRecord.ErrorCount++;
-                    jobRecord.Issues.Add(unhandledExceptionIssue);
+                jobRecord.ErrorCount++;
+                jobRecord.Issues.Add(issue);
 
-                    if (message.Variables.TryGetValue("DistributedTask.MarkJobAsFailedOnWorkerCrash", out var markJobAsFailedOnWorkerCrash) &&
-                        StringUtil.ConvertToBoolean(markJobAsFailedOnWorkerCrash?.Value))
-                    {
-                        Trace.Info("Mark the job as failed since the worker crashed");
-                        jobRecord.Result = TaskResult.Failed;
-                        // mark the job as completed so service will pickup the result
-                        jobRecord.State = TimelineRecordState.Completed;
-                    }
+                Trace.Info("Mark the job as failed since the worker crashed");
+                jobRecord.Result = TaskResult.Failed;
+                // mark the job as completed so service will pickup the result
+                jobRecord.State = TimelineRecordState.Completed;
 
-                    await jobServer.UpdateTimelineRecordsAsync(message.Plan.ScopeIdentifier, message.Plan.PlanType, message.Plan.PlanId, message.Timeline.Id, new TimelineRecord[] { jobRecord }, CancellationToken.None);
-                }
-                catch (Exception ex)
-                {
-                    Trace.Error("Fail to report unhandled exception from Runner.Worker process");
-                    Trace.Error(ex);
-                }
+                await jobServer.UpdateTimelineRecordsAsync(message.Plan.ScopeIdentifier, message.Plan.PlanType, message.Plan.PlanId, message.Timeline.Id, new TimelineRecord[] { jobRecord }, CancellationToken.None);
             }
-            else
+            catch (Exception ex)
             {
-                Trace.Info("Job server does not support handling unhandled exception yet, error message: {0}", detailInfo);
-                return;
+                Trace.Error("Fail to report unhandled exception from Runner.Worker process");
+                Trace.Error(ex);
             }
         }
 
         // raise job completed event to fail the job.
-        private async Task ForceFailJob(IRunnerService server, Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage message, string detailInfo)
+        private async Task ForceFailJob(IJobServer jobServer, Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage message)
         {
-            if (server is IJobServer jobServer)
+            try
             {
-                try
-                {
-                    var jobCompletedEvent = new JobCompletedEvent(message.RequestId, message.JobId, TaskResult.Failed);
-                    await jobServer.RaisePlanEventAsync<JobCompletedEvent>(message.Plan.ScopeIdentifier, message.Plan.PlanType, message.Plan.PlanId, jobCompletedEvent, CancellationToken.None);
-                }
-                catch (Exception ex)
-                {
-                    Trace.Error("Fail to raise JobCompletedEvent back to service.");
-                    Trace.Error(ex);
-                }
+                var jobCompletedEvent = new JobCompletedEvent(message.RequestId, message.JobId, TaskResult.Failed);
+                await jobServer.RaisePlanEventAsync<JobCompletedEvent>(message.Plan.ScopeIdentifier, message.Plan.PlanType, message.Plan.PlanId, jobCompletedEvent, CancellationToken.None);
             }
-            else if (server is IRunServer runServer)
+            catch (Exception ex)
             {
-                try
-                {
-                    var unhandledExceptionIssue = new Issue() { Type = IssueType.Error, Message = detailInfo };
-                    var unhandledAnnotation = unhandledExceptionIssue.ToAnnotation();
-                    var jobAnnotations = new List<Annotation>();
-                    if (unhandledAnnotation.HasValue)
-                    {
-                        jobAnnotations.Add(unhandledAnnotation.Value);
-                    }
+                Trace.Error("Fail to raise JobCompletedEvent back to service.");
+                Trace.Error(ex);
+            }
+        }
 
-                    await runServer.CompleteJobAsync(message.Plan.PlanId, message.JobId, TaskResult.Failed, outputs: null, stepResults: null, jobAnnotations: jobAnnotations, environmentUrl: null, CancellationToken.None);
-                }
-                catch (Exception ex)
-                {
-                    Trace.Error("Fail to raise job completion back to service.");
-                    Trace.Error(ex);
-                }
-            }
-            else
+        private async Task ForceFailJob(IRunServer runServer, Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage message, Issue issue)
+        {
+            try
             {
-                throw new NotSupportedException($"Server type {server.GetType().FullName} is not supported.");
+                var annotation = issue.ToAnnotation();
+                var jobAnnotations = new List<Annotation>();
+                if (annotation.HasValue)
+                {
+                    jobAnnotations.Add(annotation.Value);
+                }
+
+                await runServer.CompleteJobAsync(message.Plan.PlanId, message.JobId, TaskResult.Failed, outputs: null, stepResults: null, jobAnnotations: jobAnnotations, environmentUrl: null, CancellationToken.None);
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                Trace.Error("Fail to raise job completion back to service.");
+                Trace.Error(ex);
             }
         }
 

src/Runner.Listener/MessageListener.cs

@@ -18,10 +18,17 @@ using GitHub.Services.WebApi;
 
 namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener
 {
+    public enum CreateSessionResult
+    {
+        Success,
+        Failure,
+        SessionConflict
+    }
+
     [ServiceLocator(Default = typeof(MessageListener))]
     public interface IMessageListener : IRunnerService
     {
-        Task<Boolean> CreateSessionAsync(CancellationToken token);
+        Task<CreateSessionResult> CreateSessionAsync(CancellationToken token);
         Task DeleteSessionAsync();
         Task<TaskAgentMessage> GetNextMessageAsync(CancellationToken token);
         Task DeleteMessageAsync(TaskAgentMessage message);
@@ -59,7 +66,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener
             _brokerServer = hostContext.GetService<IBrokerServer>();
         }
 
-        public async Task<Boolean> CreateSessionAsync(CancellationToken token)
+        public async Task<CreateSessionResult> CreateSessionAsync(CancellationToken token)
         {
             Trace.Entering();
 
@@ -109,7 +116,8 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener
                     if (_session.BrokerMigrationMessage != null)
                     {
                         Trace.Info("Runner session is in migration mode: Creating Broker session with BrokerBaseUrl: {0}", _session.BrokerMigrationMessage.BrokerBaseUrl);
-                        await _brokerServer.ConnectAsync(_session.BrokerMigrationMessage.BrokerBaseUrl, _creds);
+
+                        await _brokerServer.UpdateConnectionIfNeeded(_session.BrokerMigrationMessage.BrokerBaseUrl, _creds);
                         _session = await _brokerServer.CreateSessionAsync(taskAgentSession, token);
                         _isBrokerSession = true;
                     }
@@ -122,7 +130,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener
                         encounteringError = false;
                     }
 
-                    return true;
+                    return CreateSessionResult.Success;
                 }
                 catch (OperationCanceledException) when (token.IsCancellationRequested)
                 {
@@ -146,7 +154,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener
                         if (string.Equals(vssOAuthEx.Error, "invalid_client", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                         {
                             _term.WriteError("Failed to create a session. The runner registration has been deleted from the server, please re-configure. Runner registrations are automatically deleted for runners that have not connected to the service recently.");
-                            return false;
+                            return CreateSessionResult.Failure;
                         }
 
                         // Check whether we get 401 because the runner registration already removed by the service.
@@ -157,14 +165,18 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener
                         if (string.Equals(authError, "invalid_client", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                         {
                             _term.WriteError("Failed to create a session. The runner registration has been deleted from the server, please re-configure. Runner registrations are automatically deleted for runners that have not connected to the service recently.");
-                            return false;
+                            return CreateSessionResult.Failure;
                         }
                     }
 
                     if (!IsSessionCreationExceptionRetriable(ex))
                     {
                         _term.WriteError($"Failed to create session. {ex.Message}");
-                        return false;
+                        if (ex is TaskAgentSessionConflictException)
+                        {
+                            return CreateSessionResult.SessionConflict;
+                        }
+                        return CreateSessionResult.Failure;
                     }
 
                     if (!encounteringError) //print the message only on the first error
@@ -187,12 +199,12 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener
                 {
                     using (var ts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)))
                     {
+                        await _runnerServer.DeleteAgentSessionAsync(_settings.PoolId, _session.SessionId, ts.Token);
+
                         if (_isBrokerSession)
                         {
                             await _brokerServer.DeleteSessionAsync(ts.Token);
-                            return;
                         }
-                        await _runnerServer.DeleteAgentSessionAsync(_settings.PoolId, _session.SessionId, ts.Token);
                     }
                 }
                 else
@@ -204,19 +216,17 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener
 
         public void OnJobStatus(object sender, JobStatusEventArgs e)
         {
-            if (StringUtil.ConvertToBoolean(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("USE_BROKER_FLOW")))
+            Trace.Info("Received job status event. JobState: {0}", e.Status);
+            runnerStatus = e.Status;
+            try
             {
-                Trace.Info("Received job status event. JobState: {0}", e.Status);
-                runnerStatus = e.Status;
-                try
-                {
-                    _getMessagesTokenSource?.Cancel();
-                }
-                catch (ObjectDisposedException)
-                {
-                    Trace.Info("_getMessagesTokenSource is already disposed.");
-                }
+                _getMessagesTokenSource?.Cancel();
             }
+            catch (ObjectDisposedException)
+            {
+                Trace.Info("_getMessagesTokenSource is already disposed.");
+            }
+
         }
 
         public async Task<TaskAgentMessage> GetNextMessageAsync(CancellationToken token)
@@ -226,6 +236,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener
             ArgUtil.NotNull(_settings, nameof(_settings));
             bool encounteringError = false;
             int continuousError = 0;
+            int continuousEmptyMessage = 0;
             string errorMessage = string.Empty;
             Stopwatch heartbeat = new();
             heartbeat.Restart();
@@ -256,7 +267,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener
 
                         var migrationMessage = JsonUtility.FromString<BrokerMigrationMessage>(message.Body);
 
-                        await _brokerServer.ConnectAsync(migrationMessage.BrokerBaseUrl, _creds);
+                        await _brokerServer.UpdateConnectionIfNeeded(migrationMessage.BrokerBaseUrl, _creds);
                         message = await _brokerServer.GetRunnerMessageAsync(_session.SessionId,
                                                                         runnerStatus,
                                                                         BuildConstants.RunnerPackage.Version,
@@ -304,7 +315,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener
                     Trace.Error(ex);
 
                     // don't retry if SkipSessionRecover = true, DT service will delete agent session to stop agent from taking more jobs.
-                    if (ex is TaskAgentSessionExpiredException && !_settings.SkipSessionRecover && await CreateSessionAsync(token))
+                    if (ex is TaskAgentSessionExpiredException && !_settings.SkipSessionRecover && (await CreateSessionAsync(token) == CreateSessionResult.Success))
                     {
                         Trace.Info($"{nameof(TaskAgentSessionExpiredException)} received, recovered by recreate session.");
                     }
@@ -349,16 +360,27 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener
 
                 if (message == null)
                 {
+                    continuousEmptyMessage++;
                     if (heartbeat.Elapsed > TimeSpan.FromMinutes(30))
                     {
                         Trace.Info($"No message retrieved from session '{_session.SessionId}' within last 30 minutes.");
                         heartbeat.Restart();
+                        continuousEmptyMessage = 0;
                     }
                     else
                     {
                         Trace.Verbose($"No message retrieved from session '{_session.SessionId}'.");
                     }
 
+                    if (continuousEmptyMessage > 50)
+                    {
+                        // retried more than 50 times in less than 30mins and still getting empty message
+                        // something is not right on the service side, backoff for 15-30s before retry
+                        _getNextMessageRetryInterval = BackoffTimerHelper.GetRandomBackoff(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30), _getNextMessageRetryInterval);
+                        Trace.Info("Sleeping for {0} seconds before retrying.", _getNextMessageRetryInterval.TotalSeconds);
+                        await HostContext.Delay(_getNextMessageRetryInterval, token);
+                    }
+
                     continue;
                 }
 
@@ -384,6 +406,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener
         public async Task RefreshListenerTokenAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             await _runnerServer.RefreshConnectionAsync(RunnerConnectionType.MessageQueue, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(60));
+            await _brokerServer.ForceRefreshConnection(_creds);
         }
 
         private TaskAgentMessage DecryptMessage(TaskAgentMessage message)

src/Runner.Listener/Runner.Listener.csproj

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <RuntimeIdentifiers>win-x64;win-x86;linux-x64;linux-arm64;linux-arm;osx-x64;osx-arm64;win-arm64</RuntimeIdentifiers>
+    <SelfContained>true</SelfContained>
     <TargetLatestRuntimePatch>true</TargetLatestRuntimePatch>
-    <NoWarn>NU1701;NU1603</NoWarn>
+    <NoWarn>NU1701;NU1603;SYSLIB0050;SYSLIB0051</NoWarn>
     <Version>$(Version)</Version>
     <PredefinedCulturesOnly>false</PredefinedCulturesOnly>
     <PublishReadyToRunComposite>true</PublishReadyToRunComposite>
@@ -18,11 +19,11 @@
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Win32.Registry" Version="4.4.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Win32.Registry" Version="5.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Newtonsoft.Json" Version="13.0.3" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.IO.FileSystem.AccessControl" Version="4.4.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData" Version="4.4.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.ServiceProcess.ServiceController" Version="4.4.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.IO.FileSystem.AccessControl" Version="5.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData" Version="8.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.ServiceProcess.ServiceController" Version="8.0.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == 'Debug' ">

src/Runner.Listener/Runner.cs

@@ -32,10 +32,25 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener
         private bool _inConfigStage;
         private ManualResetEvent _completedCommand = new(false);
 
+        // <summary>
+        // Helps avoid excessive calls to Run Service when encountering non-retriable errors from /acquirejob.
+        // Normally we rely on the HTTP clients to back off between retry attempts. However, acquiring a job
+        // involves calls to both Run Serivce and Broker. And Run Service and Broker communicate with each other
+        // in an async fashion.
+        //
+        // When Run Service encounters a non-retriable error, it sends an async message to Broker. The runner will,
+        // however, immediately call Broker to get the next message. If the async event from Run Service to Broker
+        // has not yet been processed, the next message from Broker may be the same job message.
+        //
+        // The error throttler helps us back off when encountering successive, non-retriable errors from /acquirejob.
+        // </summary>
+        private IErrorThrottler _acquireJobThrottler;
+
         public override void Initialize(IHostContext hostContext)
         {
             base.Initialize(hostContext);
             _term = HostContext.GetService<ITerminal>();
+            _acquireJobThrottler = HostContext.CreateService<IErrorThrottler>();
         }
 
         public async Task<int> ExecuteCommand(CommandSettings command)
@@ -213,10 +228,12 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener
                             var configFile = Path.Combine(HostContext.GetDirectory(WellKnownDirectory.Root), config.Key);
                             var configContent = Convert.FromBase64String(config.Value);
 #if OS_WINDOWS
+#pragma warning disable CA1416
                             if (configFile == HostContext.GetConfigFile(WellKnownConfigFile.RSACredentials))
                             {
                                 configContent = ProtectedData.Protect(configContent, null, DataProtectionScope.LocalMachine);
                             }
+#pragma warning restore CA1416
 #endif
                             File.WriteAllBytes(configFile, configContent);
                             File.SetAttributes(configFile, File.GetAttributes(configFile) | FileAttributes.Hidden);
@@ -359,7 +376,12 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener
             {
                 Trace.Info(nameof(RunAsync));
                 _listener = GetMesageListener(settings);
-                if (!await _listener.CreateSessionAsync(HostContext.RunnerShutdownToken))
+                CreateSessionResult createSessionResult = await _listener.CreateSessionAsync(HostContext.RunnerShutdownToken);
+                if (createSessionResult == CreateSessionResult.SessionConflict)
+                {
+                    return Constants.Runner.ReturnCode.SessionConflict;
+                }
+                else if (createSessionResult == CreateSessionResult.Failure)
                 {
                     return Constants.Runner.ReturnCode.TerminatedError;
                 }
@@ -558,13 +580,21 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener
                                         await runServer.ConnectAsync(new Uri(messageRef.RunServiceUrl), creds);
                                         try
                                         {
-                                            jobRequestMessage =
-                                            await runServer.GetJobMessageAsync(messageRef.RunnerRequestId,
-                                            messageQueueLoopTokenSource.Token);
+                                            jobRequestMessage = await runServer.GetJobMessageAsync(messageRef.RunnerRequestId, messageQueueLoopTokenSource.Token);
+                                            _acquireJobThrottler.Reset();
                                         }
-                                        catch (TaskOrchestrationJobAlreadyAcquiredException)
+                                        catch (Exception ex) when (
+                                            ex is TaskOrchestrationJobNotFoundException ||          // HTTP status 404
+                                            ex is TaskOrchestrationJobAlreadyAcquiredException ||   // HTTP status 409
+                                            ex is TaskOrchestrationJobUnprocessableException)       // HTTP status 422
                                         {
-                                            Trace.Info("Job is already acquired, skip this message.");
+                                            Trace.Info($"Skipping message Job. {ex.Message}");
+                                            await _acquireJobThrottler.IncrementAndWaitAsync(messageQueueLoopTokenSource.Token);
+                                            continue;
+                                        }
+                                        catch (Exception ex)
+                                        {
+                                            Trace.Error($"Caught exception from acquiring job message: {ex}");
                                             continue;
                                         }
                                     }
@@ -598,6 +628,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Listener
                             }
                             else if (string.Equals(message.MessageType, TaskAgentMessageTypes.ForceTokenRefresh))
                             {
+                                Trace.Info("Received ForceTokenRefreshMessage");
                                 await _listener.RefreshListenerTokenAsync(messageQueueLoopTokenSource.Token);
                             }
                             else

src/Runner.PluginHost/Runner.PluginHost.csproj

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <RuntimeIdentifiers>win-x64;win-x86;linux-x64;linux-arm64;linux-arm;osx-x64;osx-arm64;win-arm64</RuntimeIdentifiers>
+    <SelfContained>true</SelfContained>
     <TargetLatestRuntimePatch>true</TargetLatestRuntimePatch>
-    <NoWarn>NU1701;NU1603</NoWarn>
+    <NoWarn>NU1701;NU1603;SYSLIB0050;SYSLIB0051</NoWarn>
     <Version>$(Version)</Version>
     <PredefinedCulturesOnly>false</PredefinedCulturesOnly>
     <PublishReadyToRunComposite>true</PublishReadyToRunComposite>

src/Runner.Plugins/Runner.Plugins.csproj

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
     <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
     <RuntimeIdentifiers>win-x64;win-x86;linux-x64;linux-arm64;linux-arm;osx-x64;osx-arm64;win-arm64</RuntimeIdentifiers>
+    <SelfContained>true</SelfContained>
     <TargetLatestRuntimePatch>true</TargetLatestRuntimePatch>
-    <NoWarn>NU1701;NU1603</NoWarn>
+    <NoWarn>NU1701;NU1603;SYSLIB0050;SYSLIB0051</NoWarn>
     <Version>$(Version)</Version>
   </PropertyGroup>
 

src/Runner.Sdk/Runner.Sdk.csproj

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
     <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
     <RuntimeIdentifiers>win-x64;win-x86;linux-x64;linux-arm64;linux-arm;osx-x64;osx-arm64;win-arm64</RuntimeIdentifiers>
+    <SelfContained>true</SelfContained>
     <TargetLatestRuntimePatch>true</TargetLatestRuntimePatch>
-    <NoWarn>NU1701;NU1603</NoWarn>
+    <NoWarn>NU1701;NU1603;SYSLIB0050;SYSLIB0051</NoWarn>
     <Version>$(Version)</Version>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
@@ -14,9 +15,9 @@
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Text.Encoding.CodePages" Version="4.4.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Win32.Registry" Version="4.4.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Threading.Channels" Version="4.4.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.Text.Encoding.CodePages" Version="8.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Win32.Registry" Version="5.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.Threading.Channels" Version="8.0.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == 'Debug' ">

src/Runner.Sdk/Util/IOUtil.cs

@@ -459,6 +459,34 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Sdk
             File.WriteAllText(path, null);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Replaces invalid file name characters with '_'
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string ReplaceInvalidFileNameChars(string fileName)
+        {
+            var result = new StringBuilder();
+            var invalidChars = Path.GetInvalidFileNameChars();
+
+            var current = 0; // Current index
+            while (current < fileName?.Length)
+            {
+                var next = fileName.IndexOfAny(invalidChars, current);
+                if (next >= 0)
+                {
+                    result.Append(fileName.Substring(current, next - current));
+                    result.Append('_');
+                    current = next + 1;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    result.Append(fileName.Substring(current));
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return result.ToString();
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Recursively enumerates a directory without following directory reparse points.
         /// </summary>

src/Runner.Sdk/Util/VssUtil.cs

@@ -85,11 +85,6 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Sdk
                 settings.SendTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(Math.Min(Math.Max(httpRequestTimeoutSeconds, 100), 1200));
             }
 
-            if (StringUtil.ConvertToBoolean(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("USE_BROKER_FLOW")))
-            {
-                settings.AllowAutoRedirectForBroker = true;
-            }
-
             // Remove Invariant from the list of accepted languages.
             //
             // The constructor of VssHttpRequestSettings (base class of VssClientHttpRequestSettings) adds the current

src/Runner.Sdk/Util/WhichUtil.cs

@@ -7,129 +7,6 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Sdk
     public static class WhichUtil
     {
         public static string Which(string command, bool require = false, ITraceWriter trace = null, string prependPath = null)
-        {
-            ArgUtil.NotNullOrEmpty(command, nameof(command));
-            trace?.Info($"Which: '{command}'");
-            if (Path.IsPathFullyQualified(command) && File.Exists(command))
-            {
-                trace?.Info($"Fully qualified path: '{command}'");
-                return command;
-            }
-            string path = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(PathUtil.PathVariable);
-            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(path))
-            {
-                trace?.Info("PATH environment variable not defined.");
-                path = path ?? string.Empty;
-            }
-            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(prependPath))
-            {
-                path = PathUtil.PrependPath(prependPath, path);
-            }
-
-            string[] pathSegments = path.Split(new Char[] { Path.PathSeparator }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
-            for (int i = 0; i < pathSegments.Length; i++)
-            {
-                pathSegments[i] = Environment.ExpandEnvironmentVariables(pathSegments[i]);
-            }
-
-            foreach (string pathSegment in pathSegments)
-            {
-                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(pathSegment) && Directory.Exists(pathSegment))
-                {
-                    string[] matches = null;
-#if OS_WINDOWS
-                    string pathExt = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("PATHEXT");
-                    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(pathExt))
-                    {
-                        // XP's system default value for PATHEXT system variable
-                        pathExt = ".com;.exe;.bat;.cmd;.vbs;.vbe;.js;.jse;.wsf;.wsh";
-                    }
-
-                    string[] pathExtSegments = pathExt.Split(new string[] { ";" }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
-
-                    // if command already has an extension.
-                    if (pathExtSegments.Any(ext => command.EndsWith(ext, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
-                    {
-                        try
-                        {
-                            matches = Directory.GetFiles(pathSegment, command);
-                        }
-                        catch (UnauthorizedAccessException ex)
-                        {
-                            trace?.Info("Ignore UnauthorizedAccess exception during Which.");
-                            trace?.Verbose(ex.ToString());
-                        }
-
-                        if (matches != null && matches.Length > 0 && IsPathValid(matches.First(), trace))
-                        {
-                            trace?.Info($"Location: '{matches.First()}'");
-                            return matches.First();
-                        }
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        string searchPattern;
-                        searchPattern = StringUtil.Format($"{command}.*");
-                        try
-                        {
-                            matches = Directory.GetFiles(pathSegment, searchPattern);
-                        }
-                        catch (UnauthorizedAccessException ex)
-                        {
-                            trace?.Info("Ignore UnauthorizedAccess exception during Which.");
-                            trace?.Verbose(ex.ToString());
-                        }
-
-                        if (matches != null && matches.Length > 0)
-                        {
-                            // add extension.
-                            for (int i = 0; i < pathExtSegments.Length; i++)
-                            {
-                                string fullPath = Path.Combine(pathSegment, $"{command}{pathExtSegments[i]}");
-                                if (matches.Any(p => p.Equals(fullPath, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) && IsPathValid(fullPath, trace))
-                                {
-                                    trace?.Info($"Location: '{fullPath}'");
-                                    return fullPath;
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-#else
-                    try
-                    {
-                        matches = Directory.GetFiles(pathSegment, command);
-                    }
-                    catch (UnauthorizedAccessException ex)
-                    {
-                        trace?.Info("Ignore UnauthorizedAccess exception during Which.");
-                        trace?.Verbose(ex.ToString());
-                    }
-
-                    if (matches != null && matches.Length > 0 && IsPathValid(matches.First(), trace))
-                    {
-                        trace?.Info($"Location: '{matches.First()}'");
-                        return matches.First();
-                    }
-#endif
-                }
-            }
-
-#if OS_WINDOWS
-            trace?.Info($"{command}: command not found. Make sure '{command}' is installed and its location included in the 'Path' environment variable.");
-#else
-            trace?.Info($"{command}: command not found. Make sure '{command}' is installed and its location included in the 'PATH' environment variable.");
-#endif
-            if (require)
-            {
-                throw new FileNotFoundException(
-                    message: $"{command}: command not found",
-                    fileName: command);
-            }
-
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        public static string Which2(string command, bool require = false, ITraceWriter trace = null, string prependPath = null)
         {
             ArgUtil.NotNullOrEmpty(command, nameof(command));
             trace?.Info($"Which2: '{command}'");

src/Runner.Worker/ActionManager.cs

@@ -483,10 +483,6 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
                             {
                                 // Load stored Ids for later load actions
                                 compositeAction.Steps[i].Id = _cachedEmbeddedStepIds[action.Id][i];
-                                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(executionContext.Global.Variables.Get("DistributedTask.EnableCompositeActions")) && compositeAction.Steps[i].Reference.Type != Pipelines.ActionSourceType.Script)
-                                {
-                                    throw new Exception("`uses:` keyword is not currently supported.");
-                                }
                             }
                         }
                         else
@@ -703,11 +699,12 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
                 catch (Exception ex) when (!executionContext.CancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested) // Do not retry if the run is cancelled.
                 {
                     // UnresolvableActionDownloadInfoException is a 422 client error, don't retry
+                    // NonRetryableActionDownloadInfoException is an non-retryable exception from Actions
                     // Some possible cases are:
                     // * Repo is rate limited
                     // * Repo or tag doesn't exist, or isn't public
                     // * Policy validation failed
-                    if (attempt < 3 && !(ex is WebApi.UnresolvableActionDownloadInfoException))
+                    if (attempt < 3 && !(ex is WebApi.UnresolvableActionDownloadInfoException) && !(ex is WebApi.NonRetryableActionDownloadInfoException))
                     {
                         executionContext.Output($"Failed to resolve action download info. Error: {ex.Message}");
                         executionContext.Debug(ex.ToString());
@@ -796,43 +793,40 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
             try
             {
                 var useActionArchiveCache = false;
-                if (executionContext.Global.Variables.GetBoolean("DistributedTask.UseActionArchiveCache") == true)
+                var hasActionArchiveCache = false;
+                var actionArchiveCacheDir = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(Constants.Variables.Agent.ActionArchiveCacheDirectory);
+                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(actionArchiveCacheDir) &&
+                    Directory.Exists(actionArchiveCacheDir))
                 {
-                    var hasActionArchiveCache = false;
-                    var actionArchiveCacheDir = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(Constants.Variables.Agent.ActionArchiveCacheDirectory);
-                    if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(actionArchiveCacheDir) &&
-                        Directory.Exists(actionArchiveCacheDir))
-                    {
-                        hasActionArchiveCache = true;
-                        Trace.Info($"Check if action archive '{downloadInfo.ResolvedNameWithOwner}@{downloadInfo.ResolvedSha}' already exists in cache directory '{actionArchiveCacheDir}'");
+                    hasActionArchiveCache = true;
+                    Trace.Info($"Check if action archive '{downloadInfo.ResolvedNameWithOwner}@{downloadInfo.ResolvedSha}' already exists in cache directory '{actionArchiveCacheDir}'");
 #if OS_WINDOWS
-                        var cacheArchiveFile = Path.Combine(actionArchiveCacheDir, downloadInfo.ResolvedNameWithOwner.Replace(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar, '_').Replace(Path.AltDirectorySeparatorChar, '_'), $"{downloadInfo.ResolvedSha}.zip");
+                    var cacheArchiveFile = Path.Combine(actionArchiveCacheDir, downloadInfo.ResolvedNameWithOwner.Replace(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar, '_').Replace(Path.AltDirectorySeparatorChar, '_'), $"{downloadInfo.ResolvedSha}.zip");
 #else
-                        var cacheArchiveFile = Path.Combine(actionArchiveCacheDir, downloadInfo.ResolvedNameWithOwner.Replace(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar, '_').Replace(Path.AltDirectorySeparatorChar, '_'), $"{downloadInfo.ResolvedSha}.tar.gz");
+                    var cacheArchiveFile = Path.Combine(actionArchiveCacheDir, downloadInfo.ResolvedNameWithOwner.Replace(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar, '_').Replace(Path.AltDirectorySeparatorChar, '_'), $"{downloadInfo.ResolvedSha}.tar.gz");
 #endif
-                        if (File.Exists(cacheArchiveFile))
+                    if (File.Exists(cacheArchiveFile))
+                    {
+                        try
                         {
-                            try
-                            {
-                                Trace.Info($"Found action archive '{cacheArchiveFile}' in cache directory '{actionArchiveCacheDir}'");
-                                File.Copy(cacheArchiveFile, archiveFile);
-                                useActionArchiveCache = true;
-                                executionContext.Debug($"Copied action archive '{cacheArchiveFile}' to '{archiveFile}'");
-                            }
-                            catch (Exception ex)
-                            {
-                                Trace.Error($"Failed to copy action archive '{cacheArchiveFile}' to '{archiveFile}'. Error: {ex}");
-                            }
+                            Trace.Info($"Found action archive '{cacheArchiveFile}' in cache directory '{actionArchiveCacheDir}'");
+                            File.Copy(cacheArchiveFile, archiveFile);
+                            useActionArchiveCache = true;
+                            executionContext.Debug($"Copied action archive '{cacheArchiveFile}' to '{archiveFile}'");
+                        }
+                        catch (Exception ex)
+                        {
+                            Trace.Error($"Failed to copy action archive '{cacheArchiveFile}' to '{archiveFile}'. Error: {ex}");
                         }
                     }
-
-                    executionContext.Global.JobTelemetry.Add(new JobTelemetry()
-                    {
-                        Type = JobTelemetryType.General,
-                        Message = $"Action archive cache usage: {downloadInfo.ResolvedNameWithOwner}@{downloadInfo.ResolvedSha} use cache {useActionArchiveCache} has cache {hasActionArchiveCache}"
-                    });
                 }
 
+                executionContext.Global.JobTelemetry.Add(new JobTelemetry()
+                {
+                    Type = JobTelemetryType.General,
+                    Message = $"Action archive cache usage: {downloadInfo.ResolvedNameWithOwner}@{downloadInfo.ResolvedSha} use cache {useActionArchiveCache} has cache {hasActionArchiveCache}"
+                });
+
                 if (!useActionArchiveCache)
                 {
                     await DownloadRepositoryArchive(executionContext, link, downloadInfo.Authentication?.Token, archiveFile);
@@ -878,16 +872,9 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
                     int exitCode = await processInvoker.ExecuteAsync(stagingDirectory, tar, $"-xzf \"{archiveFile}\"", null, executionContext.CancellationToken);
                     if (exitCode != 0)
                     {
-                        if (executionContext.Global.Variables.GetBoolean("DistributedTask.DetailUntarFailure") == true)
-                        {
-                            var fileInfo = new FileInfo(archiveFile);
-                            var sha256hash = await IOUtil.GetFileContentSha256HashAsync(archiveFile);
-                            throw new InvalidActionArchiveException($"Can't use 'tar -xzf' extract archive file: {archiveFile} (SHA256 '{sha256hash}', size '{fileInfo.Length}' bytes, tar outputs '{string.Join(' ', tarOutputs)}'). Action being checked out: {downloadInfo.NameWithOwner}@{downloadInfo.Ref}. return code: {exitCode}.");
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            throw new InvalidActionArchiveException($"Can't use 'tar -xzf' extract archive file: {archiveFile}. Action being checked out: {downloadInfo.NameWithOwner}@{downloadInfo.Ref}. return code: {exitCode}.");
-                        }
+                        var fileInfo = new FileInfo(archiveFile);
+                        var sha256hash = await IOUtil.GetFileContentSha256HashAsync(archiveFile);
+                        throw new InvalidActionArchiveException($"Can't use 'tar -xzf' extract archive file: {archiveFile} (SHA256 '{sha256hash}', size '{fileInfo.Length}' bytes, tar outputs '{string.Join(' ', tarOutputs)}'). Action being checked out: {downloadInfo.NameWithOwner}@{downloadInfo.Ref}. return code: {exitCode}.");
                     }
                 }
 #endif
@@ -1031,13 +1018,6 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
                         }
                     }
 
-                    foreach (var step in compositeAction.Steps)
-                    {
-                        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(executionContext.Global.Variables.Get("DistributedTask.EnableCompositeActions")) && step.Reference.Type != Pipelines.ActionSourceType.Script)
-                        {
-                            throw new Exception("`uses:` keyword is not currently supported.");
-                        }
-                    }
                     return setupInfo;
                 }
                 else

src/Runner.Worker/ContainerOperationProvider.cs

@@ -466,17 +466,39 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
             {
                 throw new InvalidOperationException($"Failed to create directory to store registry client credentials: {e.Message}");
             }
-            var loginExitCode = await _dockerManager.DockerLogin(
-                executionContext,
-                configLocation,
-                container.RegistryServer,
-                container.RegistryAuthUsername,
-                container.RegistryAuthPassword);
 
-            if (loginExitCode != 0)
+            // Login docker with retry up to 3 times
+            int retryCount = 0;
+            int loginExitCode = 0;
+            while (retryCount < 3)
+            {
+                loginExitCode = await _dockerManager.DockerLogin(
+                    executionContext,
+                    configLocation,
+                    container.RegistryServer,
+                    container.RegistryAuthUsername,
+                    container.RegistryAuthPassword);
+                if (loginExitCode == 0)
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    retryCount++;
+                    if (retryCount < 3)
+                    {
+                        var backOff = BackoffTimerHelper.GetRandomBackoff(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
+                        executionContext.Warning($"Docker login for '{container.RegistryServer}' failed with exit code {loginExitCode}, back off {backOff.TotalSeconds} seconds before retry.");
+                        await Task.Delay(backOff);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (retryCount == 3 && loginExitCode != 0)
             {
                 throw new InvalidOperationException($"Docker login for '{container.RegistryServer}' failed with exit code {loginExitCode}");
             }
+
             return configLocation;
         }
 

src/Runner.Worker/DiagnosticLogManager.cs

@@ -91,13 +91,13 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
             string phaseName = executionContext.Global.Variables.System_PhaseDisplayName ?? "UnknownPhaseName";
 
             // zip the files
-            string diagnosticsZipFileName = $"{buildName}-{phaseName}.zip";
+            string diagnosticsZipFileName = $"{buildName}-{IOUtil.ReplaceInvalidFileNameChars(phaseName)}.zip";
             string diagnosticsZipFilePath = Path.Combine(supportRootFolder, diagnosticsZipFileName);
             ZipFile.CreateFromDirectory(supportFilesFolder, diagnosticsZipFilePath);
 
             // upload the json metadata file
             executionContext.Debug("Uploading diagnostic metadata file.");
-            string metadataFileName = $"diagnostics-{buildName}-{phaseName}.json";
+            string metadataFileName = $"diagnostics-{buildName}-{IOUtil.ReplaceInvalidFileNameChars(phaseName)}.json";
             string metadataFilePath = Path.Combine(supportFilesFolder, metadataFileName);
             string phaseResult = GetTaskResultAsString(executionContext.Result);
 

src/Runner.Worker/FileCommandManager.cs

@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
                 if (resultsReceiverEndpoint != null)
                 {
                     Trace.Info($"Queueing results file ({filePath}) for attachment upload ({attachmentName})");
-                    var stepId = context.Id;
+                    var stepId = context.IsEmbedded ? context.EmbeddedId : context.Id;
                     // Attachments must be added to the parent context (job), not the current context (step)
                     context.Root.QueueSummaryFile(attachmentName, scrubbedFilePath, stepId);
                 }

src/Runner.Worker/Handlers/ContainerActionHandler.cs

@@ -223,6 +223,10 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker.Handlers
             {
                 Environment["ACTIONS_CACHE_URL"] = cacheUrl;
             }
+            if (systemConnection.Data.TryGetValue("PipelinesServiceUrl", out var pipelinesServiceUrl) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(pipelinesServiceUrl))
+            {
+                Environment["ACTIONS_RUNTIME_URL"] = pipelinesServiceUrl;
+            }
             if (systemConnection.Data.TryGetValue("GenerateIdTokenUrl", out var generateIdTokenUrl) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(generateIdTokenUrl))
             {
                 Environment["ACTIONS_ID_TOKEN_REQUEST_URL"] = generateIdTokenUrl;

src/Runner.Worker/Handlers/HandlerFactory.cs

@@ -84,6 +84,45 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker.Handlers
                     }
                     nodeData.NodeVersion = "node16";
                 }
+
+                var localForceActionsToNode20 = StringUtil.ConvertToBoolean(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(Constants.Variables.Agent.ManualForceActionsToNode20));
+                executionContext.Global.EnvironmentVariables.TryGetValue(Constants.Variables.Actions.ManualForceActionsToNode20, out var workflowForceActionsToNode20);
+                var enforceNode20Locally = !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(workflowForceActionsToNode20) ? StringUtil.ConvertToBoolean(workflowForceActionsToNode20) : localForceActionsToNode20;
+                if (string.Equals(nodeData.NodeVersion, "node16")
+                && ((executionContext.Global.Variables.GetBoolean("DistributedTask.ForceGithubJavascriptActionsToNode20") ?? false) || enforceNode20Locally))
+                {
+                    executionContext.Global.EnvironmentVariables.TryGetValue(Constants.Variables.Actions.AllowActionsUseUnsecureNodeVersion, out var workflowOptOut);
+                    var isWorkflowOptOutSet = !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(workflowOptOut);
+                    var isLocalOptOut = StringUtil.ConvertToBoolean(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(Constants.Variables.Actions.AllowActionsUseUnsecureNodeVersion));
+                    bool isOptOut = isWorkflowOptOutSet ? StringUtil.ConvertToBoolean(workflowOptOut) : isLocalOptOut;
+
+                    if (!isOptOut)
+                    {
+                        var repoAction = action as Pipelines.RepositoryPathReference;
+                        if (repoAction != null)
+                        {
+                            var warningActions = new HashSet<string>();
+                            if (executionContext.Global.Variables.TryGetValue(Constants.Runner.EnforcedNode16DetectedAfterEndOfLifeEnvVariable, out var node20ForceWarnings))
+                            {
+                                warningActions = StringUtil.ConvertFromJson<HashSet<string>>(node20ForceWarnings);
+                            }
+
+                            string repoActionFullName;
+                            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(repoAction.Name))
+                            {
+                                repoActionFullName = repoAction.Path; // local actions don't have a 'Name'
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                repoActionFullName = $"{repoAction.Name}/{repoAction.Path ?? string.Empty}".TrimEnd('/') + $"@{repoAction.Ref}";
+                            }
+
+                            warningActions.Add(repoActionFullName);
+                            executionContext.Global.Variables.Set(Constants.Runner.EnforcedNode16DetectedAfterEndOfLifeEnvVariable, StringUtil.ConvertToJson(warningActions));
+                        }
+                        nodeData.NodeVersion = "node20";
+                    }
+                }
                 (handler as INodeScriptActionHandler).Data = nodeData;
             }
             else if (data.ExecutionType == ActionExecutionType.Script)

src/Runner.Worker/Handlers/NodeScriptActionHandler.cs

@@ -58,6 +58,10 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker.Handlers
             {
                 Environment["ACTIONS_CACHE_URL"] = cacheUrl;
             }
+            if (systemConnection.Data.TryGetValue("PipelinesServiceUrl", out var pipelinesServiceUrl) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(pipelinesServiceUrl))
+            {
+                Environment["ACTIONS_RUNTIME_URL"] = pipelinesServiceUrl;
+            }
             if (systemConnection.Data.TryGetValue("GenerateIdTokenUrl", out var generateIdTokenUrl) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(generateIdTokenUrl))
             {
                 Environment["ACTIONS_ID_TOKEN_REQUEST_URL"] = generateIdTokenUrl;
@@ -114,6 +118,11 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker.Handlers
             {
                 Data.NodeVersion = "node16";
             }
+
+            if (forcedNodeVersion == "node20" && Data.NodeVersion != "node20")
+            {
+                Data.NodeVersion = "node20";
+            }
             var nodeRuntimeVersion = await StepHost.DetermineNodeRuntimeVersion(ExecutionContext, Data.NodeVersion);
             string file = Path.Combine(HostContext.GetDirectory(WellKnownDirectory.Externals), nodeRuntimeVersion, "bin", $"node{IOUtil.ExeExtension}");
 

src/Runner.Worker/Handlers/ScriptHandler.cs

@@ -83,40 +83,19 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker.Handlers
                 shellCommand = "pwsh";
                 if (validateShellOnHost)
                 {
-                    if (ExecutionContext.Global.Variables.GetBoolean("DistributedTask.UseWhich2") == true)
-                    {
-                        shellCommandPath = WhichUtil.Which2(shellCommand, require: false, Trace, prependPath);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        shellCommandPath = WhichUtil.Which(shellCommand, require: false, Trace, prependPath);
-                    }
+                    shellCommandPath = WhichUtil.Which(shellCommand, require: false, Trace, prependPath);
                     if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(shellCommandPath))
                     {
                         shellCommand = "powershell";
                         Trace.Info($"Defaulting to {shellCommand}");                        
-                        if (ExecutionContext.Global.Variables.GetBoolean("DistributedTask.UseWhich2") == true)
-                        {
-                            shellCommandPath = WhichUtil.Which2(shellCommand, require: true, Trace, prependPath);
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            shellCommandPath = WhichUtil.Which(shellCommand, require: true, Trace, prependPath);
-                        }
+                        shellCommandPath = WhichUtil.Which(shellCommand, require: true, Trace, prependPath);
                     }
                 }
 #else
                 shellCommand = "sh";
                 if (validateShellOnHost)
                 {
-                    if (ExecutionContext.Global.Variables.GetBoolean("DistributedTask.UseWhich2") == true)
-                    {
-                        shellCommandPath = WhichUtil.Which2("bash", false, Trace, prependPath) ?? WhichUtil.Which2("sh", true, Trace, prependPath);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        shellCommandPath = WhichUtil.Which("bash", false, Trace, prependPath) ?? WhichUtil.Which("sh", true, Trace, prependPath);
-                    }
+                    shellCommandPath = WhichUtil.Which("bash", false, Trace, prependPath) ?? WhichUtil.Which("sh", true, Trace, prependPath);
                 }
 #endif
                 argFormat = ScriptHandlerHelpers.GetScriptArgumentsFormat(shellCommand);
@@ -127,14 +106,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker.Handlers
                 shellCommand = parsed.shellCommand;
                 if (validateShellOnHost)
                 {
-                    if (ExecutionContext.Global.Variables.GetBoolean("DistributedTask.UseWhich2") == true)
-                    {
-                        shellCommandPath = WhichUtil.Which2(parsed.shellCommand, true, Trace, prependPath);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        shellCommandPath = WhichUtil.Which(parsed.shellCommand, true, Trace, prependPath);
-                    }
+                    shellCommandPath = WhichUtil.Which(parsed.shellCommand, true, Trace, prependPath);
                 }
 
                 argFormat = $"{parsed.shellArgs}".TrimStart();
@@ -216,38 +188,17 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker.Handlers
             {
 #if OS_WINDOWS
                 shellCommand = "pwsh";
-                if (ExecutionContext.Global.Variables.GetBoolean("DistributedTask.UseWhich2") == true)
-                {
-                    commandPath = WhichUtil.Which2(shellCommand, require: false, Trace, prependPath);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    commandPath = WhichUtil.Which(shellCommand, require: false, Trace, prependPath);
-                }
+                commandPath = WhichUtil.Which(shellCommand, require: false, Trace, prependPath);
                 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(commandPath))
                 {
                     shellCommand = "powershell";
                     Trace.Info($"Defaulting to {shellCommand}");
-                    if (ExecutionContext.Global.Variables.GetBoolean("DistributedTask.UseWhich2") == true)
-                    {
-                        commandPath = WhichUtil.Which2(shellCommand, require: true, Trace, prependPath);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        commandPath = WhichUtil.Which(shellCommand, require: true, Trace, prependPath);
-                    }
+                    commandPath = WhichUtil.Which(shellCommand, require: true, Trace, prependPath);
                 }
                 ArgUtil.NotNullOrEmpty(commandPath, "Default Shell");
 #else
                 shellCommand = "sh";
-                if (ExecutionContext.Global.Variables.GetBoolean("DistributedTask.UseWhich2") == true)
-                {
-                    commandPath = WhichUtil.Which2("bash", false, Trace, prependPath) ?? WhichUtil.Which2("sh", true, Trace, prependPath);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    commandPath = WhichUtil.Which("bash", false, Trace, prependPath) ?? WhichUtil.Which("sh", true, Trace, prependPath);
-                }
+                commandPath = WhichUtil.Which("bash", false, Trace, prependPath) ?? WhichUtil.Which("sh", true, Trace, prependPath);
 #endif
                 argFormat = ScriptHandlerHelpers.GetScriptArgumentsFormat(shellCommand);
             }
@@ -258,14 +209,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker.Handlers
                 if (!IsActionStep && systemShells.Contains(shell))
                 {
                     shellCommand = shell;
-                    if (ExecutionContext.Global.Variables.GetBoolean("DistributedTask.UseWhich2") == true)
-                    {
-                        commandPath = WhichUtil.Which2(shell, !isContainerStepHost, Trace, prependPath);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        commandPath = WhichUtil.Which(shell, !isContainerStepHost, Trace, prependPath);
-                    }
+                    commandPath = WhichUtil.Which(shell, !isContainerStepHost, Trace, prependPath);
                     if (shell == "bash")
                     {
                         argFormat = ScriptHandlerHelpers.GetScriptArgumentsFormat("sh");
@@ -280,14 +224,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker.Handlers
                     var parsed = ScriptHandlerHelpers.ParseShellOptionString(shell);
                     shellCommand = parsed.shellCommand;
                     // For non-ContainerStepHost, the command must be located on the host by Which
-                    if (ExecutionContext.Global.Variables.GetBoolean("DistributedTask.UseWhich2") == true)
-                    {
-                        commandPath = WhichUtil.Which2(parsed.shellCommand, !isContainerStepHost, Trace, prependPath);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        commandPath = WhichUtil.Which(parsed.shellCommand, !isContainerStepHost, Trace, prependPath);
-                    }
+                    commandPath = WhichUtil.Which(parsed.shellCommand, !isContainerStepHost, Trace, prependPath);
                     argFormat = $"{parsed.shellArgs}".TrimStart();
                     if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(argFormat))
                     {

src/Runner.Worker/JobExtension.cs

@@ -392,6 +392,18 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
                         }
                     }
 
+                    // Register custom image creation post-job step if the "snapshot" token is present in the message.
+                    var snapshotRequest = templateEvaluator.EvaluateJobSnapshotRequest(message.Snapshot, jobContext.ExpressionValues, jobContext.ExpressionFunctions);
+                    if (snapshotRequest != null)
+                    {
+                        var snapshotOperationProvider = HostContext.GetService<ISnapshotOperationProvider>();
+                        jobContext.RegisterPostJobStep(new JobExtensionRunner(
+                            runAsync: (executionContext, _) => snapshotOperationProvider.CreateSnapshotRequestAsync(executionContext, snapshotRequest),
+                            condition: $"{PipelineTemplateConstants.Success}()",
+                            displayName: $"Create custom image",
+                            data: null));
+                    }
+
                     // Register Job Completed hook if the variable is set
                     var completedHookPath = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("ACTIONS_RUNNER_HOOK_JOB_COMPLETED");
                     if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(completedHookPath))

src/Runner.Worker/JobRunner.cs

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
             Trace.Info("Job ID {0}", message.JobId);
 
             DateTime jobStartTimeUtc = DateTime.UtcNow;
+            _runnerSettings = HostContext.GetService<IConfigurationStore>().GetSettings();
             IRunnerService server = null;
 
             // add orchestration id to useragent for better correlation.
@@ -54,13 +55,6 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
                 VssUtil.InitializeVssClientSettings(HostContext.UserAgents, HostContext.WebProxy);
             }
 
-            var jobServerQueueTelemetry = false;
-            if (message.Variables.TryGetValue("DistributedTask.EnableJobServerQueueTelemetry", out VariableValue enableJobServerQueueTelemetry) &&
-                !string.IsNullOrEmpty(enableJobServerQueueTelemetry?.Value))
-            {
-                jobServerQueueTelemetry = StringUtil.ConvertToBoolean(enableJobServerQueueTelemetry.Value);
-            }
-
             ServiceEndpoint systemConnection = message.Resources.Endpoints.Single(x => string.Equals(x.Name, WellKnownServiceEndpointNames.SystemVssConnection, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
             if (MessageUtil.IsRunServiceJob(message.MessageType))
             {
@@ -82,7 +76,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
                     launchServer.InitializeLaunchClient(new Uri(launchReceiverEndpoint), accessToken);
                 }
                 _jobServerQueue = HostContext.GetService<IJobServerQueue>();
-                _jobServerQueue.Start(message, resultsServiceOnly: true, enableTelemetry: jobServerQueueTelemetry);
+                _jobServerQueue.Start(message, resultsServiceOnly: true);
             }
             else
             {
@@ -104,7 +98,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
                 VssConnection jobConnection = VssUtil.CreateConnection(jobServerUrl, jobServerCredential, delegatingHandlers);
                 await jobServer.ConnectAsync(jobConnection);
 
-                _jobServerQueue.Start(message, enableTelemetry: jobServerQueueTelemetry);
+                _jobServerQueue.Start(message);
                 server = jobServer;
             }
 
@@ -164,8 +158,6 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
 
                 jobContext.SetRunnerContext("os", VarUtil.OS);
                 jobContext.SetRunnerContext("arch", VarUtil.OSArchitecture);
-
-                _runnerSettings = HostContext.GetService<IConfigurationStore>().GetSettings();
                 jobContext.SetRunnerContext("name", _runnerSettings.AgentName);
 
                 if (jobContext.Global.Variables.TryGetValue(WellKnownDistributedTaskVariables.RunnerEnvironment, out var runnerEnvironment))
@@ -298,6 +290,12 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
                 jobContext.Warning(string.Format(Constants.Runner.EnforcedNode12DetectedAfterEndOfLife, actions));
             }
 
+            if (jobContext.Global.Variables.TryGetValue(Constants.Runner.EnforcedNode16DetectedAfterEndOfLifeEnvVariable, out var node20ForceWarnings) && (jobContext.Global.Variables.GetBoolean("DistributedTask.ForceGithubJavascriptActionsToNode20") ?? false))
+            {
+                var actions = string.Join(", ", StringUtil.ConvertFromJson<HashSet<string>>(node20ForceWarnings));
+                jobContext.Warning(string.Format(Constants.Runner.EnforcedNode16DetectedAfterEndOfLife, actions));
+            }
+
             await ShutdownQueue(throwOnFailure: false);
 
             // Make sure to clean temp after file upload since they may be pending fileupload still use the TEMP dir.
@@ -405,6 +403,12 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
                 jobContext.Warning(string.Format(Constants.Runner.EnforcedNode12DetectedAfterEndOfLife, actions));
             }
 
+            if (jobContext.Global.Variables.TryGetValue(Constants.Runner.EnforcedNode16DetectedAfterEndOfLifeEnvVariable, out var node20ForceWarnings))
+            {
+                var actions = string.Join(", ", StringUtil.ConvertFromJson<HashSet<string>>(node20ForceWarnings));
+                jobContext.Warning(string.Format(Constants.Runner.EnforcedNode16DetectedAfterEndOfLife, actions));
+            }
+
             try
             {
                 var jobQueueTelemetry = await ShutdownQueue(throwOnFailure: true);

src/Runner.Worker/Runner.Worker.csproj

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <RuntimeIdentifiers>win-x64;win-x86;linux-x64;linux-arm64;linux-arm;osx-x64;osx-arm64;win-arm64</RuntimeIdentifiers>
+    <SelfContained>true</SelfContained>
     <TargetLatestRuntimePatch>true</TargetLatestRuntimePatch>
-    <NoWarn>NU1701;NU1603</NoWarn>
+    <NoWarn>NU1701;NU1603;SYSLIB0050;SYSLIB0051</NoWarn>
     <Version>$(Version)</Version>
     <PredefinedCulturesOnly>false</PredefinedCulturesOnly>
     <PublishReadyToRunComposite>true</PublishReadyToRunComposite>
@@ -18,9 +19,9 @@
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData" Version="4.4.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.ServiceProcess.ServiceController" Version="4.4.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Threading.Channels" Version="4.4.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData" Version="8.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.ServiceProcess.ServiceController" Version="8.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.Threading.Channels" Version="8.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="YamlDotNet.Signed" Version="5.3.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
 

src/Runner.Worker/SnapshotOperationProvider.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#nullable enable
+using System.IO;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using GitHub.DistributedTask.Pipelines;
+using GitHub.Runner.Common;
+using GitHub.Runner.Sdk;
+namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker;
+
+[ServiceLocator(Default = typeof(SnapshotOperationProvider))]
+public interface ISnapshotOperationProvider : IRunnerService
+{
+    Task CreateSnapshotRequestAsync(IExecutionContext executionContext, Snapshot snapshotRequest);
+}
+
+public class SnapshotOperationProvider : RunnerService, ISnapshotOperationProvider
+{
+    public Task CreateSnapshotRequestAsync(IExecutionContext executionContext, Snapshot snapshotRequest)
+    {
+        var snapshotRequestFilePath = Path.Combine(HostContext.GetDirectory(WellKnownDirectory.Root), ".snapshot", "request.json");
+        var snapshotRequestDirectoryPath = Path.GetDirectoryName(snapshotRequestFilePath);
+        if (snapshotRequestDirectoryPath != null)
+        {
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(snapshotRequestDirectoryPath);
+        }
+
+        IOUtil.SaveObject(snapshotRequest, snapshotRequestFilePath);
+        executionContext.Output($"Request written to: {snapshotRequestFilePath}");
+        executionContext.Output("This request will be processed after the job completes. You will not receive any feedback on the snapshot process within the workflow logs of this job.");
+        executionContext.Output("If the snapshot process is successful, you should see a new image with the requested name in the list of available custom images when creating a new GitHub-hosted Runner.");
+        return Task.CompletedTask;
+    }
+}

src/Runner.Worker/StepsRunner.cs

@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Worker
                     !jobCancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
                 {
                     Trace.Error($"Caught timeout exception from step: {ex.Message}");
-                    step.ExecutionContext.Error("The action has timed out.");
+                    step.ExecutionContext.Error($"The action '{step.DisplayName}' has timed out after {timeoutMinutes} minutes.");
                     step.ExecutionContext.Result = TaskResult.Failed;
                 }
                 else

src/Sdk/Common/Common/Exceptions/PropertyExceptions.cs

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Services.Common
 
         public String PropertyName { get; set; }
 
+        [Obsolete]
         [SecurityCritical]
         public override void GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
         {

src/Sdk/Common/Common/VssException.cs

@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Services.Common
             EventId = (int)info.GetValue("m_eventId", typeof(int));
         }
 
+        [Obsolete]
         [SecurityCritical]
         public override void GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
         {

src/Sdk/Common/Common/VssHttpMessageHandler.cs

@@ -214,25 +214,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Services.Common
                     // ConfigureAwait(false) enables the continuation to be run outside any captured
                     // SyncronizationContext (such as ASP.NET's) which keeps things from deadlocking...
 
-                    var tmpResponse = await m_messageInvoker.SendAsync(request, tokenSource.Token).ConfigureAwait(false);
-                    if (Settings.AllowAutoRedirectForBroker && tmpResponse.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.Redirect)
-                    {
-                        //Dispose of the previous response
-                        tmpResponse?.Dispose();
-
-                        var location = tmpResponse.Headers.Location;
-                        request = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, location);
-
-                        // Reapply the token to new redirected request
-                        ApplyToken(request, token, applyICredentialsToWebProxy: lastResponseDemandedProxyAuth);
-
-                        // Resend the request
-                        response = await m_messageInvoker.SendAsync(request, tokenSource.Token).ConfigureAwait(false);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        response = tmpResponse;
-                    }
+                    response = await m_messageInvoker.SendAsync(request, tokenSource.Token).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
                     traceInfo?.TraceRequestSendTime();
 

src/Sdk/Common/Common/VssHttpRequestSettings.cs

@@ -110,16 +110,6 @@ namespace GitHub.Services.Common
             set;
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether or not HttpClientHandler should follow redirect on outgoing broker requests
-        /// This is special since this also sends token in the request, where as default AllowAutoRedirect does not
-        /// </summary>
-        public Boolean AllowAutoRedirectForBroker
-        {
-            get;
-            set;
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether or not compression should be used on outgoing requests.
         /// The default value is true.

src/Sdk/DTPipelines/Pipelines/AgentJobRequestMessage.cs

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ namespace GitHub.DistributedTask.Pipelines
             TemplateToken jobOutputs,
             IList<TemplateToken> defaults,
             ActionsEnvironmentReference actionsEnvironment,
+            TemplateToken snapshot,
             String messageType = JobRequestMessageTypes.PipelineAgentJobRequest)
         {
             this.MessageType = messageType;
@@ -57,6 +58,7 @@ namespace GitHub.DistributedTask.Pipelines
             this.Workspace = workspaceOptions;
             this.JobOutputs = jobOutputs;
             this.ActionsEnvironment = actionsEnvironment;
+            this.Snapshot = snapshot;
             m_variables = new Dictionary<String, VariableValue>(variables, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
             m_maskHints = new List<MaskHint>(maskHints);
             m_steps = new List<JobStep>(steps);
@@ -237,6 +239,13 @@ namespace GitHub.DistributedTask.Pipelines
             set;
         }
 
+        [DataMember(EmitDefaultValue = false)]
+        public TemplateToken Snapshot
+        {
+            get;
+            set;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the collection of variables associated with the current context.
         /// </summary>

src/Sdk/DTPipelines/Pipelines/ObjectTemplating/PipelineTemplateConstants.cs

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ namespace GitHub.DistributedTask.Pipelines.ObjectTemplating
         public const String Id = "id";
         public const String If = "if";
         public const String Image = "image";
+        public const String ImageName = "image-name";
         public const String Include = "include";
         public const String Inputs = "inputs";
         public const String Job = "job";
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ namespace GitHub.DistributedTask.Pipelines.ObjectTemplating
         public const String Services = "services";
         public const String Shell = "shell";
         public const String Skipped = "skipped";
+        public const String Snapshot = "snapshot";
         public const String StepEnv = "step-env";
         public const String StepIfResult = "step-if-result";
         public const String StepWith = "step-with";

src/Sdk/DTPipelines/Pipelines/ObjectTemplating/PipelineTemplateConverter.cs

@@ -346,6 +346,39 @@ namespace GitHub.DistributedTask.Pipelines.ObjectTemplating
             return result;
         }
 
+        internal static Snapshot ConvertToJobSnapshotRequest(TemplateContext context, TemplateToken token)
+        {
+            string imageName = null;
+            if (token is StringToken snapshotStringLiteral)
+            {
+                imageName = snapshotStringLiteral.Value;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                var snapshotMapping = token.AssertMapping($"{PipelineTemplateConstants.Snapshot}");
+                foreach (var snapshotPropertyPair in snapshotMapping)
+                {
+                    var propertyName = snapshotPropertyPair.Key.AssertString($"{PipelineTemplateConstants.Snapshot} key");
+                    switch (propertyName.Value)
+                    {
+                        case PipelineTemplateConstants.ImageName:
+                            imageName = snapshotPropertyPair.Value.AssertString($"{PipelineTemplateConstants.Snapshot} {propertyName}").Value;
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            propertyName.AssertUnexpectedValue($"{PipelineTemplateConstants.Snapshot} key");
+                            break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(imageName))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            return new Snapshot(imageName);
+        }
+
         private static ActionStep ConvertToStep(
             TemplateContext context,
             TemplateToken stepsItem,

src/Sdk/DTPipelines/Pipelines/ObjectTemplating/PipelineTemplateEvaluator.cs

@@ -370,6 +370,32 @@ namespace GitHub.DistributedTask.Pipelines.ObjectTemplating
             return result;
         }
 
+        public Snapshot EvaluateJobSnapshotRequest(TemplateToken token,
+            DictionaryContextData contextData,
+            IList<IFunctionInfo> expressionFunctions)
+        {
+            var result = default(Snapshot);
+
+            if (token != null && token.Type != TokenType.Null)
+            {
+                var context = CreateContext(contextData, expressionFunctions);
+                try
+                {
+                    token = TemplateEvaluator.Evaluate(context, PipelineTemplateConstants.Snapshot, token, 0, null, omitHeader: true);
+                    context.Errors.Check();
+                    result = PipelineTemplateConverter.ConvertToJobSnapshotRequest(context, token);
+                }
+                catch (Exception ex) when (!(ex is TemplateValidationException))
+                {
+                    context.Errors.Add(ex);
+                }
+
+                context.Errors.Check();
+            }
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
         private TemplateContext CreateContext(
             DictionaryContextData contextData,
             IList<IFunctionInfo> expressionFunctions,

src/Sdk/DTPipelines/Pipelines/Snapshot.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.Serialization;
+
+namespace GitHub.DistributedTask.Pipelines
+{
+    [DataContract]
+    public class Snapshot
+    {
+        public Snapshot(string imageName)
+        {
+            ImageName = imageName;
+        }
+
+        [DataMember(EmitDefaultValue = false)]
+        public String ImageName { get; set; }
+    }
+}

src/Sdk/DTPipelines/workflow-v1.0.json

@@ -71,7 +71,8 @@
           "env": "job-env",
           "outputs": "job-outputs",
           "defaults": "job-defaults",
-          "steps": "steps"
+          "steps": "steps",
+          "snapshot": "snapshot"
         }
       }
     },
@@ -155,6 +156,24 @@
       }
     },
 
+    "snapshot": {
+      "one-of": [
+        "non-empty-string",
+        "snapshot-mapping"
+      ]
+    },
+
+    "snapshot-mapping": {
+      "mapping": {
+        "properties": {
+          "image-name": {
+            "type": "non-empty-string",
+            "required": true
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+
     "runs-on": {
       "context": [
         "github",

src/Sdk/DTWebApi/WebApi/ActionsRunServerHttpClient.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.IO;
+using System.IO.Compression;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Net.Http;
+using System.Net.Http.Headers;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using GitHub.Services.Common;
+using GitHub.Services.Common.Diagnostics;
+using GitHub.Services.WebApi;
+using Newtonsoft.Json;
+
+namespace GitHub.DistributedTask.WebApi
+{
+    [ResourceArea(TaskResourceIds.AreaId)]
+    public class ActionsRunServerHttpClient : TaskAgentHttpClient
+    {
+        private static readonly JsonSerializerSettings s_serializerSettings;
+
+        static ActionsRunServerHttpClient()
+        {
+            s_serializerSettings = new VssJsonMediaTypeFormatter().SerializerSettings;
+            s_serializerSettings.DateParseHandling = DateParseHandling.None;
+            s_serializerSettings.FloatParseHandling = FloatParseHandling.Double;
+        }
+
+        public ActionsRunServerHttpClient(
+            Uri baseUrl,
+            VssCredentials credentials)
+            : base(baseUrl, credentials)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public ActionsRunServerHttpClient(
+            Uri baseUrl,
+            VssCredentials credentials,
+            VssHttpRequestSettings settings)
+            : base(baseUrl, credentials, settings)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public ActionsRunServerHttpClient(
+            Uri baseUrl,
+            VssCredentials credentials,
+            params DelegatingHandler[] handlers)
+            : base(baseUrl, credentials, handlers)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public ActionsRunServerHttpClient(
+            Uri baseUrl,
+            VssCredentials credentials,
+            VssHttpRequestSettings settings,
+            params DelegatingHandler[] handlers)
+            : base(baseUrl, credentials, settings, handlers)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public ActionsRunServerHttpClient(
+            Uri baseUrl,
+            HttpMessageHandler pipeline,
+            Boolean disposeHandler)
+            : base(baseUrl, pipeline, disposeHandler)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public Task<Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage> GetJobMessageAsync(
+            string messageId,
+            object userState = null,
+            CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+        {
+            HttpMethod httpMethod = new HttpMethod("GET");
+            Guid locationId = new Guid("25adab70-1379-4186-be8e-b643061ebe3a");
+            object routeValues = new { messageId = messageId };
+
+            return SendAsync<Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage>(
+                httpMethod,
+                locationId,
+                routeValues: routeValues,
+                version: new ApiResourceVersion(6.0, 1),
+                userState: userState,
+                cancellationToken: cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        protected override async Task<T> ReadJsonContentAsync<T>(HttpResponseMessage response, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default(CancellationToken))
+        {
+            var json = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(json, s_serializerSettings);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Sdk/DTWebApi/WebApi/Exceptions.cs

@@ -1539,6 +1539,26 @@ namespace GitHub.DistributedTask.WebApi
         }
     }
 
+    [Serializable]
+    [ExceptionMapping("0.0", "3.0", "TaskOrchestrationJobUnprocessableException", "GitHub.DistributedTask.WebApi.TaskOrchestrationJobUnprocessableException, GitHub.DistributedTask.WebApi, Version=14.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a")]
+    public sealed class TaskOrchestrationJobUnprocessableException : DistributedTaskException
+    {
+        public TaskOrchestrationJobUnprocessableException(String message)
+            : base(message)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public TaskOrchestrationJobUnprocessableException(String message, Exception innerException)
+            : base(message, innerException)
+        {
+        }
+
+        private TaskOrchestrationJobUnprocessableException(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
+            : base(info, context)
+        {
+        }
+    }
+
     [Serializable]
     [ExceptionMapping("0.0", "3.0", "TaskOrchestrationPlanSecurityException", "GitHub.DistributedTask.WebApi.TaskOrchestrationPlanSecurityException, GitHub.DistributedTask.WebApi, Version=14.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a")]
     public sealed class TaskOrchestrationPlanSecurityException : DistributedTaskException
@@ -2498,6 +2518,25 @@ namespace GitHub.DistributedTask.WebApi
         }
     }
 
+    [Serializable]
+    public class NonRetryableActionDownloadInfoException : DistributedTaskException
+    {
+        public NonRetryableActionDownloadInfoException(String message)
+            : base(message)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public NonRetryableActionDownloadInfoException(String message, Exception innerException)
+            : base(message, innerException)
+        {
+        }
+
+        protected NonRetryableActionDownloadInfoException(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
+            : base(info, context)
+        {
+        }
+    }
+
     [Serializable]
     public sealed class FailedToResolveActionDownloadInfoException : DistributedTaskException
     {

src/Sdk/DTWebApi/WebApi/TaskAgentHttpClient.cs

@@ -141,24 +141,6 @@ namespace GitHub.DistributedTask.WebApi
             return ReplaceAgentAsync(poolId, agent.Id, agent, userState, cancellationToken);
         }
 
-        public Task<Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage> GetJobMessageAsync(
-            string messageId,
-            object userState = null,
-            CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
-        {
-            HttpMethod httpMethod = new HttpMethod("GET");
-            Guid locationId = new Guid("25adab70-1379-4186-be8e-b643061ebe3a");
-            object routeValues = new { messageId = messageId };
-
-            return SendAsync<Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage>(
-                httpMethod,
-                locationId,
-                routeValues: routeValues,
-                version: new ApiResourceVersion(6.0, 1),
-                userState: userState,
-                cancellationToken: cancellationToken);
-        }
-
         protected Task<T> SendAsync<T>(
             HttpMethod method,
             Guid locationId,

src/Sdk/RSWebApi/Contracts/RunServiceError.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+using System.Runtime.Serialization;
+
+namespace GitHub.Actions.RunService.WebApi
+{
+    [DataContract]
+    public class RunServiceError
+    {
+        [DataMember(Name = "source", EmitDefaultValue = false)]
+        public string Source { get; set; }
+
+        [DataMember(Name = "statusCode", EmitDefaultValue = false)]
+        public int Code { get; set; }
+
+        [DataMember(Name = "errorMessage", EmitDefaultValue = false)]
+        public string Message { get; set; }
+    }
+}

src/Sdk/RSWebApi/RunServiceHttpClient.cs

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ using GitHub.DistributedTask.WebApi;
 using GitHub.Services.Common;
 using GitHub.Services.OAuth;
 using GitHub.Services.WebApi;
+using Newtonsoft.Json;
 using Sdk.RSWebApi.Contracts;
 using Sdk.WebApi.WebApi;
 
@@ -16,6 +17,15 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.RunService.WebApi
 {
     public class RunServiceHttpClient : RawHttpClientBase
     {
+        private static readonly JsonSerializerSettings s_serializerSettings;
+
+        static RunServiceHttpClient()
+        {
+            s_serializerSettings = new VssJsonMediaTypeFormatter().SerializerSettings;
+            s_serializerSettings.DateParseHandling = DateParseHandling.None;
+            s_serializerSettings.FloatParseHandling = FloatParseHandling.Double;
+        }
+
         public RunServiceHttpClient(
             Uri baseUrl,
             VssOAuthCredential credentials)
@@ -76,6 +86,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.RunService.WebApi
                 httpMethod,
                 requestUri: requestUri,
                 content: requestContent,
+                readErrorBody: true,
                 cancellationToken: cancellationToken);
 
             if (result.IsSuccess)
@@ -83,14 +94,35 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.RunService.WebApi
                 return result.Value;
             }
 
+            if (TryParseErrorBody(result.ErrorBody, out RunServiceError error))
+            {
+                switch ((HttpStatusCode)error.Code)
+                {
+                    case HttpStatusCode.NotFound:
+                        throw new TaskOrchestrationJobNotFoundException($"Job message not found '{messageId}'. {error.Message}");
+                    case HttpStatusCode.Conflict:
+                        throw new TaskOrchestrationJobAlreadyAcquiredException($"Job message already acquired '{messageId}'. {error.Message}");
+                    case HttpStatusCode.UnprocessableEntity:
+                        throw new TaskOrchestrationJobUnprocessableException($"Unprocessable job '{messageId}'. {error.Message}");
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Temporary back compat
             switch (result.StatusCode)
             {
                 case HttpStatusCode.NotFound:
                     throw new TaskOrchestrationJobNotFoundException($"Job message not found: {messageId}");
                 case HttpStatusCode.Conflict:
                     throw new TaskOrchestrationJobAlreadyAcquiredException($"Job message already acquired: {messageId}");
-                default:
-                    throw new Exception($"Failed to get job message: {result.Error}");
+            }
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(result.ErrorBody))
+            {
+                throw new Exception($"Failed to get job message: {result.Error}. {Truncate(result.ErrorBody)}");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new Exception($"Failed to get job message: {result.Error}");
             }
         }
 
@@ -98,7 +130,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.RunService.WebApi
             Uri requestUri,
             Guid planId,
             Guid jobId,
-            TaskResult result,
+            TaskResult conclusion,
             Dictionary<String, VariableValue> outputs,
             IList<StepResult> stepResults,
             IList<Annotation> jobAnnotations,
@@ -110,7 +142,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.RunService.WebApi
             {
                 PlanID = planId,
                 JobID = jobId,
-                Conclusion = result,
+                Conclusion = conclusion,
                 Outputs = outputs,
                 StepResults = stepResults,
                 Annotations = jobAnnotations,
@@ -120,22 +152,39 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.RunService.WebApi
             requestUri = new Uri(requestUri, "completejob");
 
             var requestContent = new ObjectContent<CompleteJobRequest>(payload, new VssJsonMediaTypeFormatter(true));
-            var response = await SendAsync(
+            var result = await Send2Async(
                     httpMethod,
                     requestUri,
                     content: requestContent,
                     cancellationToken: cancellationToken);
-            if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
+            if (result.IsSuccess)
             {
                 return;
             }
 
-            switch (response.StatusCode)
+            if (TryParseErrorBody(result.ErrorBody, out RunServiceError error))
+            {
+                switch ((HttpStatusCode)error.Code)
+                {
+                    case HttpStatusCode.NotFound:
+                        throw new TaskOrchestrationJobNotFoundException($"Job not found: {jobId}. {error.Message}");
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Temporary back compat
+            switch (result.StatusCode)
             {
                 case HttpStatusCode.NotFound:
                     throw new TaskOrchestrationJobNotFoundException($"Job not found: {jobId}");
-                default:
-                    throw new Exception($"Failed to complete job: {response.ReasonPhrase}");
+            }
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(result.ErrorBody))
+            {
+                throw new Exception($"Failed to complete job: {result.Error}. {Truncate(result.ErrorBody)}");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new Exception($"Failed to complete job: {result.Error}");
             }
         }
 
@@ -159,6 +208,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.RunService.WebApi
                 httpMethod,
                 requestUri,
                 content: requestContent,
+                readErrorBody: true,
                 cancellationToken: cancellationToken);
 
             if (result.IsSuccess)
@@ -166,13 +216,67 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.RunService.WebApi
                 return result.Value;
             }
 
+            if (TryParseErrorBody(result.ErrorBody, out RunServiceError error))
+            {
+                switch ((HttpStatusCode)error.Code)
+                {
+                    case HttpStatusCode.NotFound:
+                        throw new TaskOrchestrationJobNotFoundException($"Job not found: {jobId}. {error.Message}");
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Temporary back compat
             switch (result.StatusCode)
             {
                 case HttpStatusCode.NotFound:
                     throw new TaskOrchestrationJobNotFoundException($"Job not found: {jobId}");
-                default:
-                    throw new Exception($"Failed to renew job: {result.Error}");
             }
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(result.ErrorBody))
+            {
+                throw new Exception($"Failed to renew job: {result.Error}. {Truncate(result.ErrorBody)}");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new Exception($"Failed to renew job: {result.Error}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override async Task<T> ReadJsonContentAsync<T>(HttpResponseMessage response, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default(CancellationToken))
+        {
+            var json = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(json, s_serializerSettings);
+        }
+
+        private static bool TryParseErrorBody(string errorBody, out RunServiceError error)
+        {
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(errorBody))
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    error = JsonUtility.FromString<RunServiceError>(errorBody);
+                    if (error?.Source == "actions-run-service")
+                    {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+                catch (Exception)
+                {
+                }
+            }
+
+            error = null;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private static string Truncate(string errorBody)
+        {
+            if (errorBody.Length > 100)
+            {
+                return errorBody.Substring(0, 100) + "[truncated]";
+            }
+
+            return errorBody;
         }
     }
 }

src/Sdk/Sdk.csproj

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
     <PropertyGroup>
-        <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+        <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
         <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
         <RuntimeIdentifiers>win-x64;win-x86;linux-x64;linux-arm64;linux-arm;osx-x64;osx-arm64;win-arm64</RuntimeIdentifiers>
+        <!-- <SelfContained>true</SelfContained> -->
         <TargetLatestRuntimePatch>true</TargetLatestRuntimePatch>
-        <NoWarn>NU1701;NU1603</NoWarn>
+        <NoWarn>NU1701;NU1603;SYSLIB0050;SYSLIB0051</NoWarn>
         <Version>$(Version)</Version>
         <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
         <LangVersion>8.0</LangVersion>
@@ -14,13 +15,13 @@
 
     <ItemGroup>
         <PackageReference Include="Azure.Storage.Blobs" Version="12.19.1" />
-        <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Win32.Registry" Version="4.4.0" />
+        <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Win32.Registry" Version="5.0.0" />
         <PackageReference Include="Newtonsoft.Json" Version="13.0.3" />
-        <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Client" Version="5.2.9" />
-        <PackageReference Include="System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt" Version="5.2.1" />
-        <PackageReference Include="System.Security.Cryptography.Cng" Version="4.4.0" />
-        <PackageReference Include="System.Security.Cryptography.Pkcs" Version="4.4.0" />
-        <PackageReference Include="System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData" Version="4.4.0" />
+        <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Client" Version="6.0.0" />
+        <PackageReference Include="System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt" Version="7.5.1" />
+        <PackageReference Include="System.Security.Cryptography.Cng" Version="5.0.0" />
+        <PackageReference Include="System.Security.Cryptography.Pkcs" Version="8.0.0" />
+        <PackageReference Include="System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData" Version="8.0.0" />
         <PackageReference Include="Minimatch" Version="2.0.0" />
         <PackageReference Include="YamlDotNet.Signed" Version="5.3.0" />
         <PackageReference Include="System.Net.Http" Version="4.3.4" />

src/Sdk/WebApi/WebApi/BrokerHttpClient.cs

@@ -110,9 +110,14 @@ namespace GitHub.Actions.RunService.WebApi
                 return result.Value;
             }
 
+            // the only time we throw a `Forbidden` exception from Listener /messages is when the runner is
+            // disable_update and is too old to poll
             if (result.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.Forbidden)
             {
-                throw new AccessDeniedException(result.Error);
+                throw new AccessDeniedException($"{result.Error} Runner version v{runnerVersion} is deprecated and cannot receive messages.")
+                {
+                    ErrorCode = 1
+                };
             }
 
             throw new Exception($"Failed to get job message: {result.Error}");

src/Sdk/WebApi/WebApi/OAuth/VssOAuthExceptions.cs

@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Services.OAuth
             set;
         }
 
+        [Obsolete]
         public override void GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
         {
             base.GetObjectData(info, context);

src/Sdk/WebApi/WebApi/RawHttpClientBase.cs

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ namespace Sdk.WebApi.WebApi
             }
         }
 
-        protected Task<RawHttpClientResult<T>> SendAsync<T>(
+        protected async Task<RawHttpClientResult> Send2Async(
             HttpMethod method,
             Uri requestUri,
             HttpContent content = null,
@@ -109,7 +109,47 @@ namespace Sdk.WebApi.WebApi
             Object userState = null,
             CancellationToken cancellationToken = default(CancellationToken))
         {
-            return SendAsync<T>(method, null, requestUri, content, queryParameters, userState, cancellationToken);
+            using (var response = await SendAsync(method, requestUri, content, queryParameters, userState, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
+            {
+                if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
+                {
+                    return new RawHttpClientResult(
+                        isSuccess: true,
+                        error: string.Empty,
+                        statusCode: response.StatusCode);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    var errorBody = default(string);
+                    try
+                    {
+                        errorBody = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                    }
+                    catch (Exception ex)
+                    {
+                        errorBody = $"Error reading HTTP response body: {ex.Message}";
+                    }
+
+                    string errorMessage = $"Error: {response.ReasonPhrase}";
+                    return new RawHttpClientResult(
+                        isSuccess: false,
+                        error: errorMessage,
+                        statusCode: response.StatusCode,
+                        errorBody: errorBody);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected Task<RawHttpClientResult<T>> SendAsync<T>(
+            HttpMethod method,
+            Uri requestUri,
+            HttpContent content = null,
+            IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<String, String>> queryParameters = null,
+            Boolean readErrorBody = false,
+            Object userState = null,
+            CancellationToken cancellationToken = default(CancellationToken))
+        {
+            return SendAsync<T>(method, null, requestUri, content, queryParameters, readErrorBody, userState, cancellationToken);
         }
 
         protected async Task<RawHttpClientResult<T>> SendAsync<T>(
@@ -118,18 +158,20 @@ namespace Sdk.WebApi.WebApi
             Uri requestUri,
             HttpContent content = null,
             IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<String, String>> queryParameters = null,
+            Boolean readErrorBody = false,
             Object userState = null,
             CancellationToken cancellationToken = default(CancellationToken))
         {
             using (VssTraceActivity.GetOrCreate().EnterCorrelationScope())
             using (HttpRequestMessage requestMessage = CreateRequestMessage(method, additionalHeaders, requestUri, content, queryParameters))
             {
-                return await SendAsync<T>(requestMessage, userState, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                return await SendAsync<T>(requestMessage, readErrorBody, userState, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
             }
         }
 
         protected async Task<RawHttpClientResult<T>> SendAsync<T>(
             HttpRequestMessage message,
+            Boolean readErrorBody = false,
             Object userState = null,
             CancellationToken cancellationToken = default(CancellationToken))
         {
@@ -145,8 +187,21 @@ namespace Sdk.WebApi.WebApi
                 }
                 else
                 {
+                    var errorBody = default(string);
+                    if (readErrorBody)
+                    {
+                        try
+                        {
+                            errorBody = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                        }
+                        catch (Exception ex)
+                        {
+                            errorBody = $"Error reading HTTP response body: {ex.Message}";
+                        }
+                    }
+
                     string errorMessage = $"Error: {response.ReasonPhrase}";
-                    return RawHttpClientResult<T>.Fail(errorMessage, response.StatusCode);
+                    return RawHttpClientResult<T>.Fail(errorMessage, response.StatusCode, errorBody);
                 }
             }
         }

src/Sdk/WebApi/WebApi/RawHttpClientResult.cs

@@ -5,15 +5,27 @@ namespace Sdk.WebApi.WebApi
     public class RawHttpClientResult
     {
         public bool IsSuccess { get; protected set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A description of the HTTP status code, like "Error: Unprocessable Entity"
+        /// </summary>
         public string Error { get; protected set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The HTTP response body for unsuccessful HTTP status codes, or an error message when reading the response body fails.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string ErrorBody { get; protected set; }
+
         public HttpStatusCode StatusCode { get; protected set; }
+
         public bool IsFailure => !IsSuccess;
 
-        protected RawHttpClientResult(bool isSuccess, string error, HttpStatusCode statusCode)
+        public RawHttpClientResult(bool isSuccess, string error, HttpStatusCode statusCode, string errorBody = null)
         {
             IsSuccess = isSuccess;
             Error = error;
             StatusCode = statusCode;
+            ErrorBody = errorBody;
         }
     }
 
@@ -21,13 +33,13 @@ namespace Sdk.WebApi.WebApi
     {
         public T Value { get; private set; }
 
-        protected internal RawHttpClientResult(T value, bool isSuccess, string error, HttpStatusCode statusCode)
-            : base(isSuccess, error, statusCode)
+        protected internal RawHttpClientResult(T value, bool isSuccess, string error, HttpStatusCode statusCode, string errorBody)
+            : base(isSuccess, error, statusCode, errorBody)
         {
             Value = value;
         }
 
-        public static RawHttpClientResult<T> Fail(string message, HttpStatusCode statusCode) => new RawHttpClientResult<T>(default(T), false, message, statusCode);
-        public static RawHttpClientResult<T> Ok(T value) => new RawHttpClientResult<T>(value, true, string.Empty, HttpStatusCode.OK);
+        public static RawHttpClientResult<T> Fail(string message, HttpStatusCode statusCode, string errorBody) => new RawHttpClientResult<T>(default(T), false, message, statusCode, errorBody);
+        public static RawHttpClientResult<T> Ok(T value) => new RawHttpClientResult<T>(value, true, string.Empty, HttpStatusCode.OK, null);
     }
 }

src/Sdk/WebApi/WebApi/VssServiceResponseException.cs

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Services.WebApi
             HttpStatusCode = (HttpStatusCode)info.GetInt32("HttpStatusCode");
         }
 
+        [Obsolete]
         [SecurityCritical]
         public override void GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
         {

src/Test/L0/CommandLineParserL0.cs

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests
                 trace.Info("Parsed");
 
                 trace.Info("Commands: {0}", clp.Commands.Count);
-                Assert.True(clp.Commands.Count == 2);
+                Assert.Equal(2, clp.Commands.Count);
             }
         }
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests
                 trace.Info("Parsed");
 
                 trace.Info("Args: {0}", clp.Args.Count);
-                Assert.True(clp.Args.Count == 2);
+                Assert.Equal(2, clp.Args.Count);
                 Assert.True(clp.Args.ContainsKey("arg1"));
                 Assert.Equal("arg1val", clp.Args["arg1"]);
                 Assert.True(clp.Args.ContainsKey("arg2"));
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests
                 trace.Info("Parsed");
 
                 trace.Info("Args: {0}", clp.Flags.Count);
-                Assert.True(clp.Flags.Count == 2);
+                Assert.Equal(2, clp.Flags.Count);
                 Assert.Contains("flag1", clp.Flags);
                 Assert.Contains("flag2", clp.Flags);
             }

src/Test/L0/ConstantGenerationL0.cs

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests
                 "osx-arm64"
             };
 
-            Assert.True(BuildConstants.Source.CommitHash.Length == 40, $"CommitHash should be SHA-1 hash {BuildConstants.Source.CommitHash}");
+            Assert.Equal(40, BuildConstants.Source.CommitHash.Length);
             Assert.True(validPackageNames.Contains(BuildConstants.RunnerPackage.PackageName), $"PackageName should be one of the following '{string.Join(", ", validPackageNames)}', current PackageName is '{BuildConstants.RunnerPackage.PackageName}'");
         }
     }

src/Test/L0/Listener/BrokerMessageListenerL0.cs

@@ -56,11 +56,11 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 BrokerMessageListener listener = new();
                 listener.Initialize(tc);
 
-                bool result = await listener.CreateSessionAsync(tokenSource.Token);
+                CreateSessionResult result = await listener.CreateSessionAsync(tokenSource.Token);
                 trace.Info("result: {0}", result);
 
                 // Assert.
-                Assert.True(result);
+                Assert.Equal(CreateSessionResult.Success, result);
                 _brokerServer
                    .Verify(x => x.CreateSessionAsync(
                        It.Is<TaskAgentSession>(y => y != null),

src/Test/L0/Listener/CommandSettingsL0.cs

@@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests
                         "test runner" });
 
                 // Assert.
-                Assert.True(command.Validate().Count == 0);
+                Assert.Equal(0, command.Validate().Count);
             }
         }
 
@@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests
                 var command = new CommandSettings(hc, args: new string[] { validCommand, $"--{flag}" });
 
                 // Assert.
-                Assert.True(command.Validate().Count == 0);
+                Assert.Equal(0, command.Validate().Count);
             }
         }
 
@@ -874,7 +874,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests
                 var command = new CommandSettings(hc, args: new string[] { validCommand, $"--{arg}", argValue });
 
                 // Assert.
-                Assert.True(command.Validate().Count == 0);
+                Assert.Equal(0, command.Validate().Count);
             }
         }
 

src/Test/L0/Listener/Configuration/ConfigurationManagerL0.cs

@@ -190,11 +190,11 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener.Configuration
                 trace.Info("Configured, verifying all the parameter value");
                 var s = configManager.LoadSettings();
                 Assert.NotNull(s);
-                Assert.True(s.ServerUrl.Equals(_expectedServerUrl));
-                Assert.True(s.AgentName.Equals(_expectedAgentName));
-                Assert.True(s.PoolId.Equals(_secondRunnerGroupId));
-                Assert.True(s.WorkFolder.Equals(_expectedWorkFolder));
-                Assert.True(s.Ephemeral.Equals(true));
+                Assert.Equal(_expectedServerUrl, s.ServerUrl);
+                Assert.Equal(_expectedAgentName, s.AgentName);
+                Assert.Equal(_secondRunnerGroupId, s.PoolId);
+                Assert.Equal(_expectedWorkFolder, s.WorkFolder);
+                Assert.True(s.Ephemeral);
 
                 // validate GetAgentPoolsAsync gets called twice with automation pool type
                 _runnerServer.Verify(x => x.GetAgentPoolsAsync(It.IsAny<string>(), It.Is<TaskAgentPoolType>(p => p == TaskAgentPoolType.Automation)), Times.Exactly(2));
@@ -292,11 +292,11 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener.Configuration
                 trace.Info("Configured, verifying all the parameter value");
                 var s = configManager.LoadSettings();
                 Assert.NotNull(s);
-                Assert.True(s.ServerUrl.Equals(_expectedServerUrl));
-                Assert.True(s.AgentName.Equals(_expectedAgentName));
-                Assert.True(s.PoolId.Equals(_secondRunnerGroupId));
-                Assert.True(s.WorkFolder.Equals(_expectedWorkFolder));
-                Assert.True(s.Ephemeral.Equals(true));
+                Assert.Equal(_expectedServerUrl, s.ServerUrl);
+                Assert.Equal(_expectedAgentName, s.AgentName);
+                Assert.Equal(_secondRunnerGroupId, s.PoolId);
+                Assert.Equal(_expectedWorkFolder, s.WorkFolder);
+                Assert.True(s.Ephemeral);
 
                 // validate GetAgentPoolsAsync gets called twice with automation pool type
                 _runnerServer.Verify(x => x.GetAgentPoolsAsync(It.IsAny<string>(), It.Is<TaskAgentPoolType>(p => p == TaskAgentPoolType.Automation)), Times.Exactly(2));

src/Test/L0/Listener/ErrorThrottlerL0.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using GitHub.DistributedTask.WebApi;
+using GitHub.Runner.Listener;
+using GitHub.Runner.Listener.Configuration;
+using GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using GitHub.Services.WebApi;
+using Moq;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
+{
+    public sealed class ErrorThrottlerL0
+    {
+        [Theory]
+        [InlineData(1)]
+        [InlineData(2)]
+        [InlineData(3)]
+        [InlineData(4)]
+        [InlineData(5)]
+        [InlineData(6)]
+        [InlineData(7)]
+        [InlineData(8)]
+        public async void TestIncrementAndWait(int totalAttempts)
+        {
+            using (TestHostContext hc = CreateTestContext())
+            {
+                // Arrange
+                var errorThrottler = new ErrorThrottler();
+                errorThrottler.Initialize(hc);
+                var eventArgs = new List<DelayEventArgs>();
+                hc.Delaying += (sender, args) =>
+                {
+                    eventArgs.Add(args);
+                };
+
+                // Act
+                for (int attempt = 1; attempt <= totalAttempts; attempt++)
+                {
+                    await errorThrottler.IncrementAndWaitAsync(CancellationToken.None);
+                }
+
+                // Assert
+                Assert.Equal(totalAttempts - 1, eventArgs.Count);
+                for (int i = 0; i < eventArgs.Count; i++)
+                {
+                    // Expected milliseconds
+                    int expectedMin;
+                    int expectedMax;
+
+                    switch (i)
+                    {
+                        case 0:
+                            expectedMin = 1000; // Min backoff
+                            expectedMax = 1000;
+                            break;
+                        case 1:
+                            expectedMin = 1800; // Min + 0.8 * Coefficient
+                            expectedMax = 2200; // Min + 1.2 * Coefficient
+                            break;
+                        case 2:
+                            expectedMin = 3400; // Min + 0.8 * Coefficient * 3
+                            expectedMax = 4600; // Min + 1.2 * Coefficient * 3
+                            break;
+                        case 3:
+                            expectedMin = 6600; // Min + 0.8 * Coefficient * 7
+                            expectedMax = 9400; // Min + 1.2 * Coefficient * 7
+                            break;
+                        case 4:
+                            expectedMin = 13000; // Min + 0.8 * Coefficient * 15
+                            expectedMax = 19000; // Min + 1.2 * Coefficient * 15
+                            break;
+                        case 5:
+                            expectedMin = 25800; // Min + 0.8 * Coefficient * 31
+                            expectedMax = 38200; // Min + 1.2 * Coefficient * 31
+                            break;
+                        case 6:
+                            expectedMin = 51400; // Min + 0.8 * Coefficient * 63
+                            expectedMax = 60000; // Max backoff
+                            break;
+                        case 7:
+                            expectedMin = 60000;
+                            expectedMax = 60000;
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            throw new NotSupportedException("Unexpected eventArgs count");
+                    }
+
+                    var actualMilliseconds = eventArgs[i].Delay.TotalMilliseconds;
+                    Assert.True(expectedMin <= actualMilliseconds, $"Unexpected min delay for eventArgs[{i}]. Expected min {expectedMin}, actual {actualMilliseconds}");
+                    Assert.True(expectedMax >= actualMilliseconds, $"Unexpected max delay for eventArgs[{i}]. Expected max {expectedMax}, actual {actualMilliseconds}");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public async void TestReset()
+        {
+            using (TestHostContext hc = CreateTestContext())
+            {
+                // Arrange
+                var errorThrottler = new ErrorThrottler();
+                errorThrottler.Initialize(hc);
+                var eventArgs = new List<DelayEventArgs>();
+                hc.Delaying += (sender, args) =>
+                {
+                    eventArgs.Add(args);
+                };
+
+                // Act
+                await errorThrottler.IncrementAndWaitAsync(CancellationToken.None);
+                await errorThrottler.IncrementAndWaitAsync(CancellationToken.None);
+                await errorThrottler.IncrementAndWaitAsync(CancellationToken.None);
+                errorThrottler.Reset();
+                await errorThrottler.IncrementAndWaitAsync(CancellationToken.None);
+                await errorThrottler.IncrementAndWaitAsync(CancellationToken.None);
+                await errorThrottler.IncrementAndWaitAsync(CancellationToken.None);
+
+                // Assert
+                Assert.Equal(4, eventArgs.Count);
+                for (int i = 0; i < eventArgs.Count; i++)
+                {
+                    // Expected milliseconds
+                    int expectedMin;
+                    int expectedMax;
+
+                    switch (i)
+                    {
+                        case 0:
+                        case 2:
+                            expectedMin = 1000; // Min backoff
+                            expectedMax = 1000;
+                            break;
+                        case 1:
+                        case 3:
+                            expectedMin = 1800; // Min + 0.8 * Coefficient
+                            expectedMax = 2200; // Min + 1.2 * Coefficient
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            throw new NotSupportedException("Unexpected eventArgs count");
+                    }
+
+                    var actualMilliseconds = eventArgs[i].Delay.TotalMilliseconds;
+                    Assert.True(expectedMin <= actualMilliseconds, $"Unexpected min delay for eventArgs[{i}]. Expected min {expectedMin}, actual {actualMilliseconds}");
+                    Assert.True(expectedMax >= actualMilliseconds, $"Unexpected max delay for eventArgs[{i}]. Expected max {expectedMax}, actual {actualMilliseconds}");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public async void TestReceivesCancellationToken()
+        {
+            using (TestHostContext hc = CreateTestContext())
+            {
+                // Arrange
+                var errorThrottler = new ErrorThrottler();
+                errorThrottler.Initialize(hc);
+                var eventArgs = new List<DelayEventArgs>();
+                hc.Delaying += (sender, args) =>
+                {
+                    eventArgs.Add(args);
+                };
+                var cancellationTokenSource1 = new CancellationTokenSource();
+                var cancellationTokenSource2 = new CancellationTokenSource();
+                var cancellationTokenSource3 = new CancellationTokenSource();
+
+                // Act
+                await errorThrottler.IncrementAndWaitAsync(cancellationTokenSource1.Token);
+                await errorThrottler.IncrementAndWaitAsync(cancellationTokenSource2.Token);
+                await errorThrottler.IncrementAndWaitAsync(cancellationTokenSource3.Token);
+
+                // Assert
+                Assert.Equal(2, eventArgs.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(cancellationTokenSource2.Token, eventArgs[0].Token);
+                Assert.Equal(cancellationTokenSource3.Token, eventArgs[1].Token);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public async void TestReceivesSender()
+        {
+            using (TestHostContext hc = CreateTestContext())
+            {
+                // Arrange
+                var errorThrottler = new ErrorThrottler();
+                errorThrottler.Initialize(hc);
+                var senders = new List<object>();
+                hc.Delaying += (sender, args) =>
+                {
+                    senders.Add(sender);
+                };
+
+                // Act
+                await errorThrottler.IncrementAndWaitAsync(CancellationToken.None);
+                await errorThrottler.IncrementAndWaitAsync(CancellationToken.None);
+                await errorThrottler.IncrementAndWaitAsync(CancellationToken.None);
+
+                // Assert
+                Assert.Equal(2, senders.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(hc, senders[0]);
+                Assert.Equal(hc, senders[1]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private TestHostContext CreateTestContext([CallerMemberName] String testName = "")
+        {
+            return new TestHostContext(this, testName);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Test/L0/Listener/JobDispatcherL0.cs

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
             TaskOrchestrationPlanReference plan = new();
             TimelineReference timeline = null;
             Guid jobId = Guid.NewGuid();
-            var result = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, "someJob", "someJob", null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null);
+            var result = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, "someJob", "someJob", null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null, null);
             result.ContextData["github"] = new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData();
             return result;
         }
@@ -734,7 +734,10 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 await jobDispatcher.WaitAsync(CancellationToken.None);
 
                 Assert.True(jobDispatcher.RunOnceJobCompleted.Task.IsCompleted, "JobDispatcher should set task complete token for one time agent.");
-                Assert.True(jobDispatcher.RunOnceJobCompleted.Task.Result, "JobDispatcher should set task complete token to 'TRUE' for one time agent.");
+                if (jobDispatcher.RunOnceJobCompleted.Task.IsCompleted)
+                {
+                    Assert.True(await jobDispatcher.RunOnceJobCompleted.Task, "JobDispatcher should set task complete token to 'TRUE' for one time agent.");
+                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -806,7 +809,8 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 },
                 null,
                 new List<TemplateToken>(),
-                new ActionsEnvironmentReference("env")
+                new ActionsEnvironmentReference("env"),
+                null
             );
             return message;
         }

src/Test/L0/Listener/MessageListenerL0.cs

@@ -75,11 +75,11 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 MessageListener listener = new();
                 listener.Initialize(tc);
 
-                bool result = await listener.CreateSessionAsync(tokenSource.Token);
+                CreateSessionResult result = await listener.CreateSessionAsync(tokenSource.Token);
                 trace.Info("result: {0}", result);
 
                 // Assert.
-                Assert.True(result);
+                Assert.Equal(CreateSessionResult.Success, result);
                 _runnerServer
                     .Verify(x => x.CreateAgentSessionAsync(
                         _settings.PoolId,
@@ -135,11 +135,11 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 MessageListener listener = new();
                 listener.Initialize(tc);
 
-                bool result = await listener.CreateSessionAsync(tokenSource.Token);
+                CreateSessionResult result = await listener.CreateSessionAsync(tokenSource.Token);
                 trace.Info("result: {0}", result);
 
                 // Assert.
-                Assert.True(result);
+                Assert.Equal(CreateSessionResult.Success, result);
 
                 _runnerServer
                     .Verify(x => x.CreateAgentSessionAsync(
@@ -185,8 +185,8 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 MessageListener listener = new();
                 listener.Initialize(tc);
 
-                bool result = await listener.CreateSessionAsync(tokenSource.Token);
-                Assert.True(result);
+                CreateSessionResult result = await listener.CreateSessionAsync(tokenSource.Token);
+                Assert.Equal(CreateSessionResult.Success, result);
 
                 _runnerServer
                     .Setup(x => x.DeleteAgentSessionAsync(
@@ -245,10 +245,10 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 MessageListener listener = new();
                 listener.Initialize(tc);
 
-                bool result = await listener.CreateSessionAsync(tokenSource.Token);
+                CreateSessionResult result = await listener.CreateSessionAsync(tokenSource.Token);
                 trace.Info("result: {0}", result);
 
-                Assert.True(result);
+                Assert.Equal(CreateSessionResult.Success, result);
 
                 _runnerServer
                     .Verify(x => x.CreateAgentSessionAsync(
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 //Assert
                 _runnerServer
                     .Verify(x => x.DeleteAgentSessionAsync(
-                        _settings.PoolId, expectedSession.SessionId, It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()), Times.Never());
+                        _settings.PoolId, expectedBrokerSession.SessionId, It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()), Times.Once());
                 _brokerServer
                     .Verify(x => x.DeleteSessionAsync(It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()), Times.Once());
             }
@@ -309,8 +309,8 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 MessageListener listener = new();
                 listener.Initialize(tc);
 
-                bool result = await listener.CreateSessionAsync(tokenSource.Token);
-                Assert.True(result);
+                CreateSessionResult result = await listener.CreateSessionAsync(tokenSource.Token);
+                Assert.Equal(CreateSessionResult.Success, result);
 
                 var arMessages = new TaskAgentMessage[]
                 {
@@ -390,8 +390,8 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 MessageListener listener = new();
                 listener.Initialize(tc);
 
-                bool result = await listener.CreateSessionAsync(tokenSource.Token);
-                Assert.True(result);
+                CreateSessionResult result = await listener.CreateSessionAsync(tokenSource.Token);
+                Assert.Equal(CreateSessionResult.Success, result);
 
                 var brokerMigrationMesage = new BrokerMigrationMessage(new Uri("https://actions.broker.com"));
 
@@ -497,11 +497,11 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 MessageListener listener = new();
                 listener.Initialize(tc);
 
-                bool result = await listener.CreateSessionAsync(tokenSource.Token);
+                CreateSessionResult result = await listener.CreateSessionAsync(tokenSource.Token);
                 trace.Info("result: {0}", result);
 
                 // Assert.
-                Assert.True(result);
+                Assert.Equal(CreateSessionResult.Success, result);
                 _runnerServer
                     .Verify(x => x.CreateAgentSessionAsync(
                         _settings.PoolId,
@@ -541,8 +541,8 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 MessageListener listener = new();
                 listener.Initialize(tc);
 
-                bool result = await listener.CreateSessionAsync(tokenSource.Token);
-                Assert.True(result);
+                CreateSessionResult result = await listener.CreateSessionAsync(tokenSource.Token);
+                Assert.Equal(CreateSessionResult.Success, result);
 
                 _runnerServer
                     .Setup(x => x.GetAgentMessageAsync(

src/Test/L0/Listener/RunnerL0.cs

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
         private Mock<ITerminal> _term;
         private Mock<IConfigurationStore> _configStore;
         private Mock<ISelfUpdater> _updater;
+        private Mock<IErrorThrottler> _acquireJobThrottler;
 
         public RunnerL0()
         {
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
             _term = new Mock<ITerminal>();
             _configStore = new Mock<IConfigurationStore>();
             _updater = new Mock<ISelfUpdater>();
+            _acquireJobThrottler = new Mock<IErrorThrottler>();
         }
 
         private Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage CreateJobRequestMessage(string jobName)
@@ -42,7 +44,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
             TaskOrchestrationPlanReference plan = new();
             TimelineReference timeline = null;
             Guid jobId = Guid.NewGuid();
-            return new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, "test", "test", null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null);
+            return new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, "test", "test", null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null, null);
         }
 
         private JobCancelMessage CreateJobCancelMessage()
@@ -67,6 +69,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 hc.SetSingleton<IPromptManager>(_promptManager.Object);
                 hc.SetSingleton<IRunnerServer>(_runnerServer.Object);
                 hc.SetSingleton<IConfigurationStore>(_configStore.Object);
+                hc.EnqueueInstance<IErrorThrottler>(_acquireJobThrottler.Object);
                 runner.Initialize(hc);
                 var settings = new RunnerSettings
                 {
@@ -88,7 +91,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 _configurationManager.Setup(x => x.IsConfigured())
                     .Returns(true);
                 _messageListener.Setup(x => x.CreateSessionAsync(It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()))
-                    .Returns(Task.FromResult<bool>(true));
+                    .Returns(Task.FromResult<CreateSessionResult>(CreateSessionResult.Success));
                 _messageListener.Setup(x => x.GetNextMessageAsync(It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()))
                     .Returns(async () =>
                         {
@@ -126,7 +129,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 //wait for the runner to run one job
                 if (!await signalWorkerComplete.WaitAsync(2000))
                 {
-                    Assert.True(false, $"{nameof(_messageListener.Object.GetNextMessageAsync)} was not invoked.");
+                    Assert.Fail($"{nameof(_messageListener.Object.GetNextMessageAsync)} was not invoked.");
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -174,6 +177,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 hc.SetSingleton<IPromptManager>(_promptManager.Object);
                 hc.SetSingleton<IMessageListener>(_messageListener.Object);
                 hc.SetSingleton<IConfigurationStore>(_configStore.Object);
+                hc.EnqueueInstance<IErrorThrottler>(_acquireJobThrottler.Object);
 
                 var command = new CommandSettings(hc, args);
 
@@ -184,7 +188,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 _configStore.Setup(x => x.IsServiceConfigured()).Returns(configureAsService);
 
                 _messageListener.Setup(x => x.CreateSessionAsync(It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()))
-                    .Returns(Task.FromResult(false));
+                    .Returns(Task.FromResult<CreateSessionResult>(CreateSessionResult.Failure));
 
                 var runner = new Runner.Listener.Runner();
                 runner.Initialize(hc);
@@ -205,6 +209,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 hc.SetSingleton<IPromptManager>(_promptManager.Object);
                 hc.SetSingleton<IMessageListener>(_messageListener.Object);
                 hc.SetSingleton<IConfigurationStore>(_configStore.Object);
+                hc.EnqueueInstance<IErrorThrottler>(_acquireJobThrottler.Object);
 
                 var command = new CommandSettings(hc, new[] { "run" });
 
@@ -217,7 +222,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                     .Returns(false);
 
                 _messageListener.Setup(x => x.CreateSessionAsync(It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()))
-                    .Returns(Task.FromResult(false));
+                    .Returns(Task.FromResult<CreateSessionResult>(CreateSessionResult.Failure));
 
                 var runner = new Runner.Listener.Runner();
                 runner.Initialize(hc);
@@ -242,6 +247,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 hc.SetSingleton<IPromptManager>(_promptManager.Object);
                 hc.SetSingleton<IRunnerServer>(_runnerServer.Object);
                 hc.SetSingleton<IConfigurationStore>(_configStore.Object);
+                hc.EnqueueInstance<IErrorThrottler>(_acquireJobThrottler.Object);
                 runner.Initialize(hc);
                 var settings = new RunnerSettings
                 {
@@ -263,7 +269,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 _configurationManager.Setup(x => x.IsConfigured())
                     .Returns(true);
                 _messageListener.Setup(x => x.CreateSessionAsync(It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()))
-                    .Returns(Task.FromResult<bool>(true));
+                    .Returns(Task.FromResult<CreateSessionResult>(CreateSessionResult.Success));
                 _messageListener.Setup(x => x.GetNextMessageAsync(It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()))
                     .Returns(async () =>
                         {
@@ -305,8 +311,11 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 await Task.WhenAny(runnerTask, Task.Delay(30000));
 
                 Assert.True(runnerTask.IsCompleted, $"{nameof(runner.ExecuteCommand)} timed out.");
-                Assert.True(!runnerTask.IsFaulted, runnerTask.Exception?.ToString());
-                Assert.True(runnerTask.Result == Constants.Runner.ReturnCode.Success);
+                Assert.False(runnerTask.IsFaulted, runnerTask.Exception?.ToString());
+                if (runnerTask.IsCompleted)
+                {
+                    Assert.Equal(Constants.Runner.ReturnCode.Success, await runnerTask);
+                }
 
                 _jobDispatcher.Verify(x => x.Run(It.IsAny<Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage>(), true), Times.Once(),
                      $"{nameof(_jobDispatcher.Object.Run)} was not invoked.");
@@ -335,6 +344,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 hc.SetSingleton<IPromptManager>(_promptManager.Object);
                 hc.SetSingleton<IRunnerServer>(_runnerServer.Object);
                 hc.SetSingleton<IConfigurationStore>(_configStore.Object);
+                hc.EnqueueInstance<IErrorThrottler>(_acquireJobThrottler.Object);
                 runner.Initialize(hc);
                 var settings = new RunnerSettings
                 {
@@ -363,7 +373,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 _configurationManager.Setup(x => x.IsConfigured())
                     .Returns(true);
                 _messageListener.Setup(x => x.CreateSessionAsync(It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()))
-                    .Returns(Task.FromResult<bool>(true));
+                    .Returns(Task.FromResult<CreateSessionResult>(CreateSessionResult.Success));
                 _messageListener.Setup(x => x.GetNextMessageAsync(It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()))
                     .Returns(async () =>
                         {
@@ -406,7 +416,10 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
 
                 Assert.True(runnerTask.IsCompleted, $"{nameof(runner.ExecuteCommand)} timed out.");
                 Assert.True(!runnerTask.IsFaulted, runnerTask.Exception?.ToString());
-                Assert.True(runnerTask.Result == Constants.Runner.ReturnCode.Success);
+                if (runnerTask.IsCompleted)
+                {
+                    Assert.Equal(Constants.Runner.ReturnCode.Success, await runnerTask);
+                }
 
                 _jobDispatcher.Verify(x => x.Run(It.IsAny<Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage>(), true), Times.Once(),
                      $"{nameof(_jobDispatcher.Object.Run)} was not invoked.");
@@ -433,6 +446,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 hc.SetSingleton<IRunnerServer>(_runnerServer.Object);
                 hc.SetSingleton<IConfigurationStore>(_configStore.Object);
                 hc.SetSingleton<ISelfUpdater>(_updater.Object);
+                hc.EnqueueInstance<IErrorThrottler>(_acquireJobThrottler.Object);
 
                 runner.Initialize(hc);
                 var settings = new RunnerSettings
@@ -458,7 +472,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 _configurationManager.Setup(x => x.IsConfigured())
                     .Returns(true);
                 _messageListener.Setup(x => x.CreateSessionAsync(It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()))
-                    .Returns(Task.FromResult<bool>(true));
+                    .Returns(Task.FromResult<CreateSessionResult>(CreateSessionResult.Success));
                 _messageListener.Setup(x => x.GetNextMessageAsync(It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()))
                     .Returns(async () =>
                         {
@@ -492,7 +506,10 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
 
                 Assert.True(runnerTask.IsCompleted, $"{nameof(runner.ExecuteCommand)} timed out.");
                 Assert.True(!runnerTask.IsFaulted, runnerTask.Exception?.ToString());
-                Assert.True(runnerTask.Result == Constants.Runner.ReturnCode.RunOnceRunnerUpdating);
+                if (runnerTask.IsCompleted)
+                {
+                    Assert.Equal(Constants.Runner.ReturnCode.RunOnceRunnerUpdating, await runnerTask);
+                }
 
                 _updater.Verify(x => x.SelfUpdate(It.IsAny<AgentRefreshMessage>(), It.IsAny<IJobDispatcher>(), false, It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()), Times.Once);
                 _jobDispatcher.Verify(x => x.Run(It.IsAny<Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage>(), true), Times.Never());
@@ -513,6 +530,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Listener
                 hc.SetSingleton<IConfigurationManager>(_configurationManager.Object);
                 hc.SetSingleton<IConfigurationStore>(_configStore.Object);
                 hc.SetSingleton<IPromptManager>(_promptManager.Object);
+                hc.EnqueueInstance<IErrorThrottler>(_acquireJobThrottler.Object);
 
                 var command = new CommandSettings(hc, new[] { "remove", "--local" });
 

src/Test/L0/ProcessExtensionL0.cs

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests
                         trace.Error(ex);
                     }
 
-                    Assert.True(false, "Fail to retrive process environment variable.");
+                    Assert.Fail("Failed to retrieve process environment variable.");
                 }
                 finally
                 {

src/Test/L0/RunnerWebProxyL0.cs

@@ -65,7 +65,14 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests
                 }
             }
 
-            Assert.True(badCode.Count == 0, $"The following code is using Raw HttpClientHandler() which will not follow the proxy setting agent have. Please use HostContext.CreateHttpClientHandler() instead.\n {string.Join("\n", badCode)}");
+            if (badCode.Count > 0)
+            {
+                Assert.Fail($"The following code is using Raw HttpClientHandler() which will not follow the proxy setting agent have. Please use HostContext.CreateHttpClientHandler() instead.\n {string.Join("\n", badCode)}");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Assert.True(true);
+            }
         }
 
         [Fact]
@@ -112,7 +119,14 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests
                 }
             }
 
-            Assert.True(badCode.Count == 0, $"The following code is using Raw HttpClient() which will not follow the proxy setting agent have. Please use New HttpClient(HostContext.CreateHttpClientHandler()) instead.\n {string.Join("\n", badCode)}");
+            if (badCode.Count > 0)
+            {
+                Assert.Fail($"The following code is using Raw HttpClient() which will not follow the proxy setting agent have. Please use New HttpClient(HostContext.CreateHttpClientHandler()) instead.\n {string.Join("\n", badCode)}");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Assert.True(true);
+            }
         }
 
         [Fact]

src/Test/L0/TestHostContext.cs

@@ -30,9 +30,11 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests
         private string _tempDirectoryRoot = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), Guid.NewGuid().ToString("D"));
         private StartupType _startupType;
         public event EventHandler Unloading;
+        public event EventHandler<DelayEventArgs> Delaying;
         public CancellationToken RunnerShutdownToken => _runnerShutdownTokenSource.Token;
         public ShutdownReason RunnerShutdownReason { get; private set; }
         public ISecretMasker SecretMasker => _secretMasker;
+
         public TestHostContext(object testClass, [CallerMemberName] string testName = "")
         {
             ArgUtil.NotNull(testClass, nameof(testClass));
@@ -92,6 +94,14 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests
 
         public async Task Delay(TimeSpan delay, CancellationToken token)
         {
+            // Event callback
+            EventHandler<DelayEventArgs> handler = Delaying;
+            if (handler != null)
+            {
+                handler(this, new DelayEventArgs(delay, token));
+            }
+
+            // Delay zero
             await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.Zero);
         }
 
@@ -361,4 +371,19 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests
             }
         }
     }
+
+    public class DelayEventArgs : EventArgs
+    {
+        public DelayEventArgs(
+            TimeSpan delay,
+            CancellationToken token)
+        {
+            Delay = delay;
+            Token = token;
+        }
+
+        public TimeSpan Delay { get; }
+
+        public CancellationToken Token { get; }
+    }
 }

src/Test/L0/Util/IOUtilL0.cs

@@ -960,6 +960,33 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Util
             }
         }
 
+        [Fact]
+        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
+        [Trait("Category", "Common")]
+        public void ReplaceInvalidFileNameChars()
+        {
+            Assert.Equal(string.Empty, IOUtil.ReplaceInvalidFileNameChars(null));
+            Assert.Equal(string.Empty, IOUtil.ReplaceInvalidFileNameChars(string.Empty));
+            Assert.Equal("hello.txt", IOUtil.ReplaceInvalidFileNameChars("hello.txt"));
+#if OS_WINDOWS
+            // Refer https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/blob/ce84f1d8a3f12711bad678a33efbc37b461f684f/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/IO/Path.Windows.cs#L15
+            Assert.Equal(
+                "1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_ 6_ 7_ 8_ 9_ 10_ 11_ 12_ 13_ 14_ 15_ 16_ 17_ 18_ 19_ 20_ 21_ 22_ 23_ 24_ 25_ 26_ 27_ 28_ 29_ 30_ 31_ 32_ 33_ 34_ 35_ 36_ 37_ 38_ 39_ 40_ 41_",
+                IOUtil.ReplaceInvalidFileNameChars($"1\" 2< 3> 4| 5\0 6{(char)1} 7{(char)2} 8{(char)3} 9{(char)4} 10{(char)5} 11{(char)6} 12{(char)7} 13{(char)8} 14{(char)9} 15{(char)10} 16{(char)11} 17{(char)12} 18{(char)13} 19{(char)14} 20{(char)15} 21{(char)16} 22{(char)17} 23{(char)18} 24{(char)19} 25{(char)20} 26{(char)21} 27{(char)22} 28{(char)23} 29{(char)24} 30{(char)25} 31{(char)26} 32{(char)27} 33{(char)28} 34{(char)29} 35{(char)30} 36{(char)31} 37: 38* 39? 40\\ 41/"));
+#else
+            // Refer https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/blob/ce84f1d8a3f12711bad678a33efbc37b461f684f/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/IO/Path.Unix.cs#L12
+            Assert.Equal("1_ 2_", IOUtil.ReplaceInvalidFileNameChars("1\0 2/"));
+#endif
+            Assert.Equal("_leading", IOUtil.ReplaceInvalidFileNameChars("/leading"));
+            Assert.Equal("__consecutive leading", IOUtil.ReplaceInvalidFileNameChars("//consecutive leading"));
+            Assert.Equal("trailing_", IOUtil.ReplaceInvalidFileNameChars("trailing/"));
+            Assert.Equal("consecutive trailing__", IOUtil.ReplaceInvalidFileNameChars("consecutive trailing//"));
+            Assert.Equal("middle_middle", IOUtil.ReplaceInvalidFileNameChars("middle/middle"));
+            Assert.Equal("consecutive middle__consecutive middle", IOUtil.ReplaceInvalidFileNameChars("consecutive middle//consecutive middle"));
+            Assert.Equal("_leading_middle_trailing_", IOUtil.ReplaceInvalidFileNameChars("/leading/middle/trailing/"));
+            Assert.Equal("__consecutive leading__consecutive middle__consecutive trailing__", IOUtil.ReplaceInvalidFileNameChars("//consecutive leading//consecutive middle//consecutive trailing//"));
+        }
+
         private static async Task CreateDirectoryReparsePoint(IHostContext context, string link, string target)
         {
 #if OS_WINDOWS

src/Test/L0/Util/WhichUtilL0.cs

@@ -212,210 +212,5 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Util
             File.Delete(brokenSymlink);
             Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(PathUtil.PathVariable, oldValue);
         }
-
-        [Fact]
-        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
-        [Trait("Category", "Common")]
-        public void UseWhich2FindGit()
-        {
-            using (TestHostContext hc = new(this))
-            {
-                //Arrange
-                Tracing trace = hc.GetTrace();
-
-                // Act.
-                string gitPath = WhichUtil.Which2("git", trace: trace);
-
-                trace.Info($"Which(\"git\") returns: {gitPath ?? string.Empty}");
-
-                // Assert.
-                Assert.True(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(gitPath) && File.Exists(gitPath), $"Unable to find Git through: {nameof(WhichUtil.Which)}");
-            }
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
-        [Trait("Category", "Common")]
-        public void Which2ReturnsNullWhenNotFound()
-        {
-            using (TestHostContext hc = new(this))
-            {
-                //Arrange
-                Tracing trace = hc.GetTrace();
-
-                // Act.
-                string nosuch = WhichUtil.Which2("no-such-file-cf7e351f", trace: trace);
-
-                trace.Info($"result: {nosuch ?? string.Empty}");
-
-                // Assert.
-                Assert.True(string.IsNullOrEmpty(nosuch), "Path should not be resolved");
-            }
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
-        [Trait("Category", "Common")]
-        public void Which2ThrowsWhenRequireAndNotFound()
-        {
-            using (TestHostContext hc = new(this))
-            {
-                //Arrange
-                Tracing trace = hc.GetTrace();
-
-                // Act.
-                try
-                {
-                    WhichUtil.Which2("no-such-file-cf7e351f", require: true, trace: trace);
-                    throw new Exception("which should have thrown");
-                }
-                catch (FileNotFoundException ex)
-                {
-                    Assert.Equal("no-such-file-cf7e351f", ex.FileName);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
-        [Trait("Category", "Common")]
-        public void Which2HandleFullyQualifiedPath()
-        {
-            using (TestHostContext hc = new(this))
-            {
-                //Arrange
-                Tracing trace = hc.GetTrace();
-
-                // Act.
-                var gitPath = WhichUtil.Which2("git", require: true, trace: trace);
-                var gitPath2 = WhichUtil.Which2(gitPath, require: true, trace: trace);
-
-                // Assert.
-                Assert.Equal(gitPath, gitPath2);
-            }
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
-        [Trait("Category", "Common")]
-        public void Which2HandlesSymlinkToTargetFullPath()
-        {
-            // Arrange
-            using TestHostContext hc = new TestHostContext(this);
-            Tracing trace = hc.GetTrace();
-            string oldValue = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(PathUtil.PathVariable);
-#if OS_WINDOWS
-            string newValue = oldValue + @$";{Path.GetTempPath()}";
-            string symlinkName = $"symlink-{Guid.NewGuid()}";
-            string symlink = Path.GetTempPath() + $"{symlinkName}.exe";
-            string target = Path.GetTempPath() + $"target-{Guid.NewGuid()}.exe";
-#else
-            string newValue = oldValue + @$":{Path.GetTempPath()}";
-            string symlinkName = $"symlink-{Guid.NewGuid()}";
-            string symlink = Path.GetTempPath() + $"{symlinkName}";
-            string target = Path.GetTempPath() + $"target-{Guid.NewGuid()}";
-#endif
-
-            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(PathUtil.PathVariable, newValue);
-
-
-            using (File.Create(target))
-            {
-                File.CreateSymbolicLink(symlink, target);
-
-                // Act.
-                var result = WhichUtil.Which2(symlinkName, require: true, trace: trace);
-
-                // Assert
-                Assert.True(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(result) && File.Exists(result), $"Unable to find symlink through: {nameof(WhichUtil.Which)}");
-
-            }
-
-
-            // Cleanup
-            File.Delete(symlink);
-            File.Delete(target);
-            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(PathUtil.PathVariable, oldValue);
-
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
-        [Trait("Category", "Common")]
-        public void Which2HandlesSymlinkToTargetRelativePath()
-        {
-            // Arrange
-            using TestHostContext hc = new TestHostContext(this);
-            Tracing trace = hc.GetTrace();
-            string oldValue = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(PathUtil.PathVariable);
-#if OS_WINDOWS
-            string newValue = oldValue + @$";{Path.GetTempPath()}";
-            string symlinkName = $"symlink-{Guid.NewGuid()}";
-            string symlink = Path.GetTempPath() + $"{symlinkName}.exe";
-            string targetName = $"target-{Guid.NewGuid()}.exe";
-            string target = Path.GetTempPath() + targetName;
-#else
-            string newValue = oldValue + @$":{Path.GetTempPath()}";
-            string symlinkName = $"symlink-{Guid.NewGuid()}";
-            string symlink = Path.GetTempPath() + $"{symlinkName}";
-            string targetName = $"target-{Guid.NewGuid()}";
-            string target = Path.GetTempPath() + targetName;
-#endif
-            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(PathUtil.PathVariable, newValue);
-
-
-            using (File.Create(target))
-            {
-                File.CreateSymbolicLink(symlink, targetName);
-
-                // Act.
-                var result = WhichUtil.Which2(symlinkName, require: true, trace: trace);
-
-                // Assert
-                Assert.True(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(result) && File.Exists(result), $"Unable to find {symlinkName} through: {nameof(WhichUtil.Which)}");
-            }
-
-            // Cleanup
-            File.Delete(symlink);
-            File.Delete(target);
-            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(PathUtil.PathVariable, oldValue);
-
-        }
-        [Fact]
-        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
-        [Trait("Category", "Common")]
-        public void Which2ThrowsWhenSymlinkBroken()
-        {
-            // Arrange
-            using TestHostContext hc = new TestHostContext(this);
-            Tracing trace = hc.GetTrace();
-            string oldValue = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(PathUtil.PathVariable);
-
-#if OS_WINDOWS
-            string newValue = oldValue + @$";{Path.GetTempPath()}";
-            string brokenSymlinkName = $"broken-symlink-{Guid.NewGuid()}";
-            string brokenSymlink = Path.GetTempPath() + $"{brokenSymlinkName}.exe";
-#else
-            string newValue = oldValue + @$":{Path.GetTempPath()}";
-            string brokenSymlinkName = $"broken-symlink-{Guid.NewGuid()}";
-            string brokenSymlink = Path.GetTempPath() + $"{brokenSymlinkName}";
-#endif
-
-
-            string target = "no-such-file-cf7e351f";
-            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(PathUtil.PathVariable, newValue);
-
-            File.CreateSymbolicLink(brokenSymlink, target);
-
-            // Act.
-            var exception = Assert.Throws<FileNotFoundException>(() => WhichUtil.Which2(brokenSymlinkName, require: true, trace: trace));
-
-            // Assert
-            Assert.Equal(brokenSymlinkName, exception.FileName);
-
-            // Cleanup
-            File.Delete(brokenSymlink);
-            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(PathUtil.PathVariable, oldValue);
-        }
     }
 }

src/Test/L0/Worker/ActionCommandManagerL0.cs

@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
                 TimelineReference timeline = new();
                 Guid jobId = Guid.NewGuid();
                 string jobName = "some job name";
-                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null);
+                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null, null);
                 jobRequest.Resources.Repositories.Add(new Pipelines.RepositoryResource()
                 {
                     Alias = Pipelines.PipelineConstants.SelfAlias,

src/Test/L0/Worker/ActionManagerL0.cs

@@ -382,8 +382,6 @@ runs:
                     }
                 };
 
-                _ec.Object.Global.Variables.Set("DistributedTask.UseActionArchiveCache", bool.TrueString);
-
                 //Act
                 await _actionManager.PrepareActionsAsync(_ec.Object, actions);
 
@@ -462,7 +460,7 @@ runs:
                 //Act
                 var steps = (await _actionManager.PrepareActionsAsync(_ec.Object, actions)).ContainerSetupSteps;
 
-                Assert.True(steps.Count == 0);
+                Assert.Equal(0, steps.Count);
             }
             finally
             {
@@ -917,7 +915,7 @@ runs:
                 var steps = (await _actionManager.PrepareActionsAsync(_ec.Object, actions)).ContainerSetupSteps;
 
                 // node.js based action doesn't need any extra steps to build/pull containers.
-                Assert.True(steps.Count == 0);
+                Assert.Equal(0, steps.Count);
             }
             finally
             {
@@ -1053,7 +1051,7 @@ runs:
                 var steps = (await _actionManager.PrepareActionsAsync(_ec.Object, actions)).ContainerSetupSteps;
 
                 // node.js based action doesn't need any extra steps to build/pull containers.
-                Assert.True(steps.Count == 0);
+                Assert.Equal(0, steps.Count);
                 var watermarkFile = Path.Combine(_hc.GetDirectory(WellKnownDirectory.Actions), "TingluoHuang/runner_L0", "CompositeBasic.completed");
                 Assert.True(File.Exists(watermarkFile));
                 // Comes from the composite action
@@ -1247,7 +1245,7 @@ runs:
                 // Assert.
                 Assert.NotNull(definition);
                 Assert.NotNull(definition.Data);
-                Assert.True(definition.Data.Execution.ExecutionType == ActionExecutionType.Script);
+                Assert.Equal(ActionExecutionType.Script, definition.Data.Execution.ExecutionType);
             }
             finally
             {
@@ -2375,10 +2373,6 @@ runs:
             _ec.Setup(x => x.CancellationToken).Returns(_ecTokenSource.Token);
             _ec.Setup(x => x.Root).Returns(new GitHub.Runner.Worker.ExecutionContext());
             var variables = new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>();
-            if (enableComposite)
-            {
-                variables["DistributedTask.EnableCompositeActions"] = "true";
-            }
             _ec.Object.Global.Variables = new Variables(_hc, variables);
             _ec.Setup(x => x.ExpressionValues).Returns(new DictionaryContextData());
             _ec.Setup(x => x.ExpressionFunctions).Returns(new List<IFunctionInfo>());

src/Test/L0/Worker/CreateStepSummaryCommandL0.cs

@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
             TimelineReference timeline = new();
             Guid jobId = Guid.NewGuid();
             string jobName = "Summary Job";
-            var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null);
+            var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null, null);
             jobRequest.Resources.Repositories.Add(new Pipelines.RepositoryResource()
             {
                 Alias = Pipelines.PipelineConstants.SelfAlias,

src/Test/L0/Worker/ExecutionContextL0.cs

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
                 TimelineReference timeline = new();
                 Guid jobId = Guid.NewGuid();
                 string jobName = "some job name";
-                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null);
+                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null, null);
                 jobRequest.Resources.Repositories.Add(new Pipelines.RepositoryResource()
                 {
                     Alias = Pipelines.PipelineConstants.SelfAlias,
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
                 TimelineReference timeline = new();
                 Guid jobId = Guid.NewGuid();
                 string jobName = "some job name";
-                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null);
+                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null, null);
                 jobRequest.Resources.Repositories.Add(new Pipelines.RepositoryResource()
                 {
                     Alias = Pipelines.PipelineConstants.SelfAlias,
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
                 TimelineReference timeline = new();
                 Guid jobId = Guid.NewGuid();
                 string jobName = "some job name";
-                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null);
+                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null, null);
                 jobRequest.Resources.Repositories.Add(new Pipelines.RepositoryResource()
                 {
                     Alias = Pipelines.PipelineConstants.SelfAlias,
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
                 TimelineReference timeline = new();
                 Guid jobId = Guid.NewGuid();
                 string jobName = "some job name";
-                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null);
+                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null, null);
                 jobRequest.Resources.Repositories.Add(new Pipelines.RepositoryResource()
                 {
                     Alias = Pipelines.PipelineConstants.SelfAlias,
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
                 TimelineReference timeline = new();
                 Guid jobId = Guid.NewGuid();
                 string jobName = "some job name";
-                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null);
+                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null, null);
                 jobRequest.Resources.Repositories.Add(new Pipelines.RepositoryResource()
                 {
                     Alias = Pipelines.PipelineConstants.SelfAlias,
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
                 TimelineReference timeline = new();
                 Guid jobId = Guid.NewGuid();
                 string jobName = "some job name";
-                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null);
+                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null, null);
                 jobRequest.Resources.Repositories.Add(new Pipelines.RepositoryResource()
                 {
                     Alias = Pipelines.PipelineConstants.SelfAlias,
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
                 TimelineReference timeline = new();
                 Guid jobId = Guid.NewGuid();
                 string jobName = "some job name";
-                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null);
+                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null, null);
                 jobRequest.Resources.Repositories.Add(new Pipelines.RepositoryResource()
                 {
                     Alias = Pipelines.PipelineConstants.SelfAlias,
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
                 TimelineReference timeline = new();
                 Guid jobId = Guid.NewGuid();
                 string jobName = "some job name";
-                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null);
+                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null, null);
                 jobRequest.Resources.Repositories.Add(new Pipelines.RepositoryResource()
                 {
                     Alias = Pipelines.PipelineConstants.SelfAlias,
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
                 TimelineReference timeline = new();
                 Guid jobId = Guid.NewGuid();
                 string jobName = "some job name";
-                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null);
+                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null, null);
                 jobRequest.Resources.Repositories.Add(new Pipelines.RepositoryResource()
                 {
                     Alias = Pipelines.PipelineConstants.SelfAlias,
@@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
                 TimelineReference timeline = new();
                 Guid jobId = Guid.NewGuid();
                 string jobName = "some job name";
-                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null);
+                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null, null);
                 jobRequest.Resources.Repositories.Add(new Pipelines.RepositoryResource()
                 {
                     Alias = Pipelines.PipelineConstants.SelfAlias,
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
                 TimelineReference timeline = new();
                 Guid jobId = Guid.NewGuid();
                 string jobName = "some job name";
-                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null);
+                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null, null);
                 jobRequest.Resources.Repositories.Add(new Pipelines.RepositoryResource()
                 {
                     Alias = Pipelines.PipelineConstants.SelfAlias,
@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
                 TimelineReference timeline = new();
                 Guid jobId = Guid.NewGuid();
                 string jobName = "some job name";
-                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null);
+                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null, null);
                 jobRequest.Resources.Repositories.Add(new Pipelines.RepositoryResource()
                 {
                     Alias = Pipelines.PipelineConstants.SelfAlias,
@@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
                 TimelineReference timeline = new();
                 Guid jobId = Guid.NewGuid();
                 string jobName = "some job name";
-                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null);
+                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null, null);
                 jobRequest.Resources.Repositories.Add(new Pipelines.RepositoryResource()
                 {
                     Alias = Pipelines.PipelineConstants.SelfAlias,
@@ -969,7 +969,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
                 TimelineReference timeline = new();
                 Guid jobId = Guid.NewGuid();
                 string jobName = "some job name";
-                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null);
+                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null, null);
                 jobRequest.Resources.Repositories.Add(new Pipelines.RepositoryResource()
                 {
                     Alias = Pipelines.PipelineConstants.SelfAlias,
@@ -1014,7 +1014,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
                 TimelineReference timeline = new TimelineReference();
                 Guid jobId = Guid.NewGuid();
                 string jobName = "some job name";
-                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null);
+                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null, null);
                 jobRequest.Resources.Repositories.Add(new Pipelines.RepositoryResource()
                 {
                     Alias = Pipelines.PipelineConstants.SelfAlias,
@@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
                 TimelineReference timeline = new TimelineReference();
                 Guid jobId = Guid.NewGuid();
                 string jobName = "some job name";
-                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null);
+                var jobRequest = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, jobName, jobName, null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), new List<Pipelines.ActionStep>(), null, null, null, null, null);
                 jobRequest.Resources.Repositories.Add(new Pipelines.RepositoryResource()
                 {
                     Alias = Pipelines.PipelineConstants.SelfAlias,

src/Test/L0/Worker/JobExtensionL0.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ using System.Linq;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using GitHub.DistributedTask.ObjectTemplating.Tokens;
+using GitHub.DistributedTask.Pipelines.ObjectTemplating;
 using GitHub.DistributedTask.WebApi;
 using GitHub.Runner.Worker;
 using Moq;
@@ -25,6 +27,9 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
         private Mock<IContainerOperationProvider> _containerProvider;
         private Mock<IDiagnosticLogManager> _diagnosticLogManager;
         private Mock<IJobHookProvider> _jobHookProvider;
+        private Mock<ISnapshotOperationProvider> _snapshotOperationProvider;
+
+        private Pipelines.Snapshot _requestedSnapshot;
 
         private CancellationTokenSource _tokenSource;
         private TestHostContext CreateTestContext([CallerMemberName] String testName = "")
@@ -41,7 +46,16 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
             _directoryManager.Setup(x => x.PrepareDirectory(It.IsAny<IExecutionContext>(), It.IsAny<Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions>()))
                              .Returns(new TrackingConfig() { PipelineDirectory = "runner", WorkspaceDirectory = "runner/runner" });
             _jobHookProvider = new Mock<IJobHookProvider>();
+            _snapshotOperationProvider = new Mock<ISnapshotOperationProvider>();
 
+            _requestedSnapshot = null;
+            _snapshotOperationProvider
+                .Setup(p => p.CreateSnapshotRequestAsync(It.IsAny<IExecutionContext>(), It.IsAny<Pipelines.Snapshot>()))
+                .Returns((IExecutionContext _, object data) =>
+                {
+                    _requestedSnapshot = data as Pipelines.Snapshot;
+                    return Task.CompletedTask;
+                });
             IActionRunner step1 = new ActionRunner();
             IActionRunner step2 = new ActionRunner();
             IActionRunner step3 = new ActionRunner();
@@ -100,7 +114,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
             };
 
             Guid jobId = Guid.NewGuid();
-            _message = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, "test", "test", null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), steps, null, null, null, null);
+            _message = new Pipelines.AgentJobRequestMessage(plan, timeline, jobId, "test", "test", null, null, null, new Dictionary<string, VariableValue>(), new List<MaskHint>(), new Pipelines.JobResources(), new Pipelines.ContextData.DictionaryContextData(), new Pipelines.WorkspaceOptions(), steps, null, null, null, null, null);
             GitHubContext github = new();
             github["repository"] = new Pipelines.ContextData.StringContextData("actions/runner");
             github["secret_source"] = new Pipelines.ContextData.StringContextData("Actions");
@@ -125,6 +139,7 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
             hc.SetSingleton(_directoryManager.Object);
             hc.SetSingleton(_diagnosticLogManager.Object);
             hc.SetSingleton(_jobHookProvider.Object);
+            hc.SetSingleton(_snapshotOperationProvider.Object);
             hc.EnqueueInstance<IPagingLogger>(_logger.Object); // JobExecutionContext
             hc.EnqueueInstance<IPagingLogger>(_logger.Object); // job start hook
             hc.EnqueueInstance<IPagingLogger>(_logger.Object); // Initial Job
@@ -443,5 +458,80 @@ namespace GitHub.Runner.Common.Tests.Worker
                 Assert.Equal(0, _jobEc.PostJobSteps.Count);
             }
         }
+
+        [Fact]
+        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
+        [Trait("Category", "Worker")]
+        public async Task EnsureNoSnapshotPostJobStep()
+        {
+            using (TestHostContext hc = CreateTestContext())
+            {
+                var jobExtension = new JobExtension();
+                jobExtension.Initialize(hc);
+
+                _actionManager.Setup(x => x.PrepareActionsAsync(It.IsAny<IExecutionContext>(), It.IsAny<IEnumerable<Pipelines.JobStep>>(), It.IsAny<Guid>()))
+                    .Returns(Task.FromResult(new PrepareResult(new List<JobExtensionRunner>(), new Dictionary<Guid, IActionRunner>())));
+
+                _message.Snapshot = null;
+                await jobExtension.InitializeJob(_jobEc, _message);
+
+                var postJobSteps = _jobEc.PostJobSteps;
+                Assert.Equal(0, postJobSteps.Count);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
+        [Trait("Category", "Worker")]
+        public Task EnsureSnapshotPostJobStepForStringToken()
+        {
+            var snapshot = new Pipelines.Snapshot("TestImageNameFromStringToken");
+            var imageNameValueStringToken = new StringToken(null, null, null, snapshot.ImageName);
+            return EnsureSnapshotPostJobStepForToken(imageNameValueStringToken, snapshot);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        [Trait("Level", "L0")]
+        [Trait("Category", "Worker")]
+        public Task EnsureSnapshotPostJobStepForMappingToken()
+        {
+            var snapshot = new Pipelines.Snapshot("TestImageNameFromMappingToken");
+            var imageNameValueStringToken = new StringToken(null, null, null, snapshot.ImageName);
+            var mappingToken = new MappingToken(null, null, null)
+            {
+                { new StringToken(null,null,null, PipelineTemplateConstants.ImageName), imageNameValueStringToken }
+            };
+
+            return EnsureSnapshotPostJobStepForToken(mappingToken, snapshot);
+        }
+
+        private async Task EnsureSnapshotPostJobStepForToken(TemplateToken snapshotToken, Pipelines.Snapshot expectedSnapshot)
+        {
+            using (TestHostContext hc = CreateTestContext())
+            {
+                var jobExtension = new JobExtension();
+                jobExtension.Initialize(hc);
+
+                _actionManager.Setup(x => x.PrepareActionsAsync(It.IsAny<IExecutionContext>(), It.IsAny<IEnumerable<Pipelines.JobStep>>(), It.IsAny<Guid>()))
+                    .Returns(Task.FromResult(new PrepareResult(new List<JobExtensionRunner>(), new Dictionary<Guid, IActionRunner>())));
+
+                _message.Snapshot = snapshotToken;
+
+                await jobExtension.InitializeJob(_jobEc, _message);
+
+                var postJobSteps = _jobEc.PostJobSteps;
+
+                Assert.Equal(1, postJobSteps.Count);
+                var snapshotStep = postJobSteps.First();
+                Assert.Equal("Create custom image", snapshotStep.DisplayName);
+                Assert.Equal($"{PipelineTemplateConstants.Success}()", snapshotStep.Condition);
+
+                // Run the mock snapshot step, so we can verify it was executed with the expected snapshot object.
+                await snapshotStep.RunAsync();
+
+                Assert.NotNull(_requestedSnapshot);
+                Assert.Equal(expectedSnapshot.ImageName, _requestedSnapshot.ImageName);
+            }
+        }
     }
 }